Thomas Jefferson

1
Thomas Jeffersons Presidency

• 1801-1809

2
The Beginning

• March 4, 1801
• Thomas Jefferson is the first President
  inaugurated in the new capital city of Washington
  D.C.
• He delivers his first inaugural address. This
  address outlines what he feels are the essential
  principles of government.

3
First Inaugural Address

• Essential Principles of Government
• equal and exact justice to all men
• peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all
  nations
• the support of state governments
• the preservation of general government
• punishment for those who choose to revolt
• compliance with the decisions of the majority

4
First Inaugural Address

• Essential Principles of Government Cont
• a well disciplined militia
• honest payment of debts
• maintaining a sound economy
• proper distribution of information
• freedom of religion
• freedom of the press

5
Barbary Wars

• May 1801
• Pasha of Tripoli declares war with the United
  States because President Jefferson refused to
  make the immediate payment of 225,000 and the
  annual payment of 25,000.
• On the 20th Jefferson sent the first naval fleet
  to the area.
• The ships included the President, Philadelphia,
  Essex and Enterprise.

Map of the Barbary Wars Original Map can be found
at http//www.mariner.org/usnavy/caption_pages/06
a_BarbaryWars.htm
6
Barbary Wars

• In his first annual message, Jefferson addresses
  the Barbary Wars.
• He justifies his actions of sending a naval fleet
  to the Mediterranean.
• He also outlines the reasons the Pasha of Tripoli
  declared war with the United States.

Map of Tripoli Original map can be found
at http//historic-cities.huji.ac.il/libya/tripol
i/tripoli.html
7
Barbary Wars

• 1803 Jefferson faces much criticism for his
  decisions made regarding the war
• The Philadelphia runs aground in the Tripoli
  Harbor and it crew and captain are taken captive
• He is forced to make several command changes.
• 1801- Commodore Richard Dale
• 1802 Commodore Richard Morris
• 1803 Commodore Edward Preble

Nautical Map of Tripoli Original map can be
found at http//historic-cities.huji.ac.il/libya/
tripoli/maps/roux_1764_pl_55.html
8
Barbary Wars

• Realizing that there was no way to recapture the
  Philadelphia, Commodore Preble devises a plan to
  destroy the ship
• February 4, 1804 the Philadelphia was destroyed.
• August 3, 1804 the first attack against Tripoli
  took place when the Constitutions guns fired on
  the city.
• September 1804 the final battle took place in
  the Tripoli Harbor

• September 1804 Commodore Barron arrived with
  backup for Commodore Preble
• Commodore Barron, who is senior in rank to
  Preble, continued the blockade and started
  looking for a new way to peace
• Shortly after Commodore Barron arrive, Commodore
  Preble retired
• June 4, 1805 after the Pasha of Tripoli had been
  replaced, a treaty was made with the United
  States and the prisoners were released.

9
Louisiana Purchase

• April 30, 1803
• Robert Livingston James Monroe signed the
  Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris
• The United States paid 15 million for the land,
  roughly 4 cents per acre
• The purchase added 828,00 square miles of land
  west of the Mississippi to the United States
• July 4 the Louisiana Purchase is publicly
  announced

Original treaty can be found at
http//www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_original
s_iv/sections/louisiana_purchase_treaty.html
10
Maps of the Louisiana Purchase

• The original maps can be found at
  http//www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/hst
  aa432/lesson_4/louisiana.html

11
Lewis and Clark Expedition

• January 18, 1803
• Jefferson asks Congress for funds to explore the
  land west of the Mississippi
• His goal is to find a water route to the Pacific
• May 1804
• Meriwether Lewis and William Clark depart on the
  expedition

Map of Lewis and Clarks Route Original map can
be found at http//www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/arch
ive/maptrack_b.html
12
Lewis and Clark Expedition

• January 18, 1803
• Jefferson sends a secret message to congress
  regarding the Lewis and Clark Expedition
• In this message Jefferson asks for permission to
  establish trading with the Indians
• The original message can be found at
  http//www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flashtruedoc
  17

13
Second Inaugural Address

• Delivered on March 4, 1805
• Stresses the importance of American neutrality in
  matters of foreign affairs
• Outlines the Louisiana Purchase and the processes
  by which the original inhabitants of the land
  will become citizens of the United States
• Stresses the importance of harmony amongst all
  inhabitants of America

14
Embargo Act of 1807

• 1803 - Renewal of the Napoleonic Wars between
  France and Great Britain
• America was once again trapped between the two
  nations
• Jefferson wanting to stay neutral proposed an
  embargo on all foreign trade
• This was highly unsuccessful and devastated the
  American Economy
• The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was put in place
  to repeal the unsuccessful Embargo Act