?????? ????? ???? (BCH 101) ??????? ??????? Nucleic Acids

1
?????? ????? ???? (BCH 101) ???????
???????Nucleic Acids
2
??????? ???????
??????? ??????? Nucleic acids ?? ?????? ????????
???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????
?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???????.

• ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
• - ???? ???? ?????? ??????DNA

- ???? ???? ??????RNA
3
????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??
????? ???? ???????????
?????????????
????? ??????????
??? ?????
?????? ??????
4
??????? ????????????
?? DNA ???? ????? ????? ??????????
????? A ??????
G ?????? T
??????? C
DNA
??? ?? RNA ??? ??????? ???????? (T) ??????????
(U)
5
??????
??????
?????
6
????????
????????
??????
???????
7
????? ???????
?????? (RNA)
?????? ?????? (DNA)
8
D-b ?????? ????? ???????? D-b ?????? b-D
Deoxyribose b-D Ribose
9
???????????? ?????????????

• ???????????? (????? ?????????? ??? ?????)
• ???????????? (????? ?????????? ??? ?????
  ??????)
• ???????????? (?????????? ??????)
• ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????
  ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???
• ??? ??????? ??? 1 ??????
• ??? ??????????

??? 1 ?? ????????????
??? 9 ?? ??????????
10
????? ?????????????? ????????

• ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????
  ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????
• ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????
• ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????
• ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????
• ??? ????????? ?? ?????????
• ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????
• ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????
  ????????
• ???? ???????? 5- ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? 5-
  ??????
• ???????? 5- ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? 5- ??????

11
?????? ?????????????
????? ?????????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????
??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????
A - G - T - C
12
???????? 5- ??????
???????? 5- ??????
?????? ???????? ???? ??????????????.
13
???????? 5- ??????
?? ????? ???????? 5- ??????
?????? ???????? ???? ??????????????.
14
O
O
P
O
P
O
O
O
AMP
ADP
ATP

• Phosphate
• 10 k Cal

• Phosphate
• 10 k Cal

• Phosphate
• 2 k Cal

ATP ADP
AMP
adenosine
15
?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????
????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
??????????
????? ?????? (??????? ????????????)
?????? ??????? (3 ????? ??????????)
16
(No Transcript)
17
A
G
C
A
T
3
OH
P
P
P
P
5
P
18
34 A
19
????? ??? DNA
????? B-DNA and A-DNA
????? Z-DNA
20
????? ??? DNA
Z-DNA A-DNA B-DNA
????? ????? ?????
???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????
???? ??? ????? G-C ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? 20 ??????? ?????? ??? ??????
21
?????? ?????????? ??? DNA

• Denaturation 1- ???? ??????? ???????
• ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???
  ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????
  ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???
  ?????????.
• ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????
  ????? ???????? Tm
• ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????

22
?????? ?????????? ??? DNA

• 2- ???????
• ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??
  ??????? ??????? (??????)
• ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????
  (??????)
• 3- ????? ??????
• ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????
  ?? ????????.

23
?????? ?????? ????????RNA
1- ???? ???? ?????? ???? m-RNA
2- ???? ???? ?????? ???? t-RNA
3- ???? ???? ?????? ???????? r-RNA
Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics ??????
??????? ??????? ????????
24
mRNA??????

• 5-10
• ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? DNA ?? ?????? ???
  ???????????
• ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????
  ???? codon
• ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??
  ???????????
• ?? ??? ??? ?????????????? ?? ????? ????? ???
  ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????
  ??????? (??????)
• ??? ?????? mRNA ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????
  ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????.

25
?????? t-RNA
???? ????? ??? RNA ????? ?? 75-90 ??????????
????? ???? 10-20 ?? ????? ??? RNA ???? ????
??????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????
?? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????
??? ???? ????? anticodon ????? ?????? ????????
?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
?????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? tRNA?? ????? ??? ?????
????????
26
?????? t-RNA
???? ?????? ????? ???????
??????? Stem
????? Loop
?????? ???????
27
??????????? rRNA

• ???? ??????? ?????
• ???? 60-65 ?? ????? ??? RNA
• ???? ????? ????????? ????? (??????????)
• ??? ??? ?????? ??? rRNA?? ????? ??? ?????
  ????????

28
?????? ????? ???? (BCH 101)??? ???????
??????? NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM
29
?????? ?????? ????????RNA ???? ????? ????? ?? ???
RNA
1- ???? ???? ?????? ???? m-RNA
2- ???? ???? ?????? ???? t-RNA
3- ???? ???? ?????? ???????? r-RNA
???? ??????? ??? ??? DNA ? ??? RNA ??????????? ??
???? ???????? Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics
?????? ??????? ??????? ????????
30
???????

• ??????? Replication
• ???? ?? ??? DNA ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
  ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??
  ????????????.
• ????? Transcription
• ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? DNA ??????? ??????
  ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? (???) ?? ?????? ??
  ???????? ????? mRNA ???? ????? ??? ???
  ???????????.
• ??????? Translation
• ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? mRNA
  ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???
  rRNA ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???
  ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? tRNA ???????? ????
  ????? ??????

31
????? ??? DNA

• ?????? ??? DNA ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????
  ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????.
• ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????
• ??????? ??? ??????? Semiconservative Replication
• ??????? ????? ??????? Bidirectional Replication
• ??????? ??? ???????? Semidiscontinuous
  replication

32
??????? ??? ??????? Semiconservative Replication
?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? Meselson
Stahl ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????
?????? DNA ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??
??????? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????
???? ??. ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????
???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????
????? ????? ?????? ??????DNA
Parent molecule
Replication
Daughter molecules
33
??????? ????? ??????? Bidirectional Replication
??? ?????? ????? ??? DNA ?? ??????? ?????? ??
???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????
???? ??? ???? ??. ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ???
??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???
?????? ?? ??? DNA .
???? ???????
??? ???????
34
?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????
????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????
Bidirectional Replication Produces a Theta
Intermediate
35
??????? ??? ???????? Semidiscontinuous replication
??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? - ??
??????? ?? 5 ??? 3 ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????
?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? Leading
strand - ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????
????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??
??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????
Lagging strand
?????? ??????
?????? ??????? ?? ???????
??? ????????
36
Continuous
Discontinuous
37
????? ????? ???????????(??????? ??????? ??? DNA)

• ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???
  ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? RNA
• DNA polymerase I ???? ?????? ????? ??????????
  ??????? ??????? ??? DNA ??? ???? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ???
• DNA polymerase II ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???
  ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? DNA
• DNA polymerase III ?????? ????? ??? ??? DNA
  ??????? ???????

38
Second Base
U
C
A
G
U
UUU
UCU
UAU
UGU
phe
tyr
cys
C
UUC
UCC
UAC
UGC
ser
U
A
UUA
UCA
UAA
stop
UGA
stop
leu
UUG
G
UCG
UAG
stop
UGG
trp
U
CUU
CCU
CAU
CGU
his
C
CUC
CCC
CAC
CGC
leu
pro
arg
C
A
CUA
CCA
CAA
CGA
gln
G
CUG
CCG
CAG
CGG
First Base
Third Base
U
AUU
ACU
AAU
AGU
ser
asn
C
AUC
ACC
AAC
AGC
ile
thr
A
A
AUA
ACA
AAA
AGA
lys
arg
AGG
G
AUG
ACG
AAG
met (start)
U
GUU
GCU
GAU
GGU
asp
C
GUC
GCC
GAC
GGC
val
G
ala
gly
A
GUA
GCA
GAA
GGA
glu
G
GUG
GCG
GAG
GGG
39

• ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????

Transcribed strand
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Startcodon
Stopcodon
Translation
Polypeptide
Figure 10.8B