Chapter One

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Chapter One

• Geography, People
• and Language

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Contents
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I Geography

• 1. Geographical Feature
• 2. Climate
• 3. Major Cities

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Map of the UK

• Read the map to find
• Atlantic Ocean
• North Sea
• Irish Sea
• The English Channel (The
• Channel Tunnel )
• The Republic of Ireland

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Geography
Title and Make up of the UK

• The official title of the UK
• the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
  Ireland
• The UK is made up of
• Great Britain (the formerly separate England and
  Scotland, and Wales. )
• Northern Ireland
• Numerous smaller islands

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Location and territory

• Location of the UK
• The mainland areas lie between
• latitudes 49N and 61N and
• longitudes 8W to 2E
• Total territory 242,910 square kilometers
• Interesting Fact No one in the UK lives more
  than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.

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Topography
England it consists of lowland terrain,
with some mountainous
terrain in the north-west,
north and south-west.
Scotland Its geography is varied, with
lowlands in the south and
east and highlands in
the north and west.
Ben Nevis in Scotland the
highest point in UK
Wales Its mostly mountainous. South Wales is
less mountainous than North and
Mid Wales.
Northern Ireland Its mostly hilly.
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Rivers and Lakes

• The longest river Severn River (354 kilometers
  long)
• The second longest river Thames (332 kilometers
  long)
• The largest Lake Lough Neagh

Thames
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Lake District
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Lake poets

• "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"
  ---William Wordsworth
•  I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on
  high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw
  a crowd,A host, of golden daffodilsBeside the
  lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing
  in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that
  shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They
  stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin
  of a bayTen thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing
  their heads in sprightly dance.

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Lake poets

• The waves beside them danced but theyOut-did
  the sparkling waves in gleeA poet could not but
  be gay,In such a jocund companyI gazed---and
  gazed---but little thoughtWhat wealth the show
  to me had broughtFor oft, when on my couch I
  lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon
  that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of
  solitudeAnd then my heart with pleasure
  fills,And dances with the daffodils.

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2. Climate

• Main characteristics
• Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and
  plenty rainfall
• Three major features
• Winter fog
• Rainy days
• Instability/changeability

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3. Major Cities London

• the capital of England and of Great Britain
• the political center of the Commonwealth
• a major port
• one of the world's leading banking and financial
  
• centers.

The River Thames
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Landmarks Symbols of London
The palace of Westminster
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Landmarks Symbols of London
Big Ben
Westminster Abbey
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Landmarks Symbols of London
St. Paul's Cathedral
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Landmarks Symbols of London
Hyde Park
Tower of London
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Landmarks Symbols of London
Buckingham Palace
Tower Bridge
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Landmarks Symbols of London
London Eye
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Major CitiesEdinburgh

• Capital of Scotland
• administrative, financial, legal, medical and
  insurance center of Scotland
• beautiful scenery
• renowned architecture

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Landmarks Symbols of Edinburgh
Edinburgh Castle
Palace of Holyrood
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Major CitiesCardiff

• Europe's youngest capital city
• has been the capital city of Wales for around 50
  years
• home to an enormous amount of urban regeneration
  and restoration
• has recently become one of the most fashionable
  cities in the United Kingdom.

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Landmarks Symbols of Cardiff
Cardiff City Hall
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Landmarks Symbols of Cardiff
Millennium Stadium
Cardiff Castle
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Major CitiesBelfast

• the second largest city
• capital of Northern Ireland
• an important historic city

City Hall
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Landmarks Symbols of Belfast
Belfast Castle
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II People

• Overall population over 60 millions
• Distribution
• England about 50 million
• Scotlandover 5 million
• Wales around 3 million
• Northern Ireland about 1.7million

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Ethnicity

• The majority of this population are descendents
  of the Anglo-Saxons
• Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendents
  of the Celtic people
• The Irish people were also Celtic in origin
• immigrants

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Percentage of total UK Population

• Ethinc Groups of
  total
• White British
  85.7
• White Irish
  1.2
• White (other)
  5.3
• Mixed race
  1.2
• Indian
  1.8
• Pakistani
  1.3
• Bengali
  0.5
• Other Asian (non-Chinese)
  0.4
• Black Caribbean
  1.0
• Black African
  0.8
• Black (others)
  0.2
• Chinese
  0.4
• Other
  0.4

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III The English Language

• 1. Old English
• 2. Middle English
• 3. Modern English
• 4. Standard English

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1. Old English (5th 11th)

• Language of Angle-Saxons
• Influenced by
• Old Norse
• Latin and Greek words
• Danish words

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Beowulf

• The most famous work from the Old
• English period is the epic poem Beowulf
• (approximately AD 900)
• Hwæt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum,
• þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon,
• hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon.
• Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum

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2. Middle English (11th 15th )

• Status
• French replaced English as the official
  language, and English became the Language of
  lower class
• big pork
• sheep mutton
• cattle beef
• Development
• English increased in importance after the
  Black Death

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The Canterbury Tales

• written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the century
• Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
• The droghte of March hath perced to the roote
• And bathed every veyne in swich licour,
• Of which vertu engendred is the flour

Geoffrey Chaucer
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3. Modern English (15th )

• The printing pressbrought standardization of
  English
• Samuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a
  standard form of spelling
• Renaissanceassimilated foreign words throughout
  the Renaissance
• The Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the
  introduction of new words for new things and
  ideas
• The rise of the British Empire or the
  Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation
  of words from many other languages

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Othello

• by William Shakespeare 1603
• La Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men,
  Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To
  doe no contriud murrher I lacke iniquity
  Sometimes to doe feruice nine or ten times, I
  had thought to haue ierkd him here, Vnder the
  ribbes.
• Oth. Tis better as it is.
• Which can be translated as
• La Though in the trade of war I have slain man,
  Yet do I hold it very stuff o the conscience.
  To do no contrived murder I lack iniquity
  Sometimes to do me service nine or tem times I
  had thought to have yerkd him here under the
  ribs.
• Othello Tis better as it is.

Shakespeare
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4. Standard English

• based on the speech of the upper class of
  southeastern England
• adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British
  media
• also called as Queens English or BBC English
• based on the London dialect
• becoming a universal Lingua Francathe world
  language

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Thank You !