Violence prevention

1
Violence prevention a public health
priorityPhilip ConaglenAnnette Gallimore
ScotPHN is hosted by
2
Project Group

• Project Sponsor Susan Webb, Acting DPH, NHS
  Grampian
• Lead author Philip Conaglen, CPHM, NHS Lothian
• Researcher, Annette Gallimore, NHS Lothian
• Will Linden, Analyst Co-ordinator, Violence
  Reduction Unit
• ScotPHN (Phil Mackie, Ann Conacher, Gillian
  McCartney)

3
WHO Definition, 2002

• The intentional use of physical force of power,
  threatened or actual, against oneself, another
  person, or against a group or community that
  either results in or has a high likelihood of
  resulting in injury, death, psychological harm,
  maldevelopment, or deprivation.

4
Project Framework

• Section A - Context
• Literature Review
• Policy review and mapping
• Epidemiological assessment
• Section B Preventing and reducing violence
• Overview of violence
• Identification of toolkits etc
• Translating effective interventions into new
  settings etc

5
Police recorded violent crimes in Scotland
(2012-13)
Non-sexual crimes of violence 7,530
Sexual offences 7,693
Common assault 60,955
Total (Scottish Govt. (2013) Statistical Bulletin) 76,178
Scottish Community Justice Services estimates of
violent crimes identified in 2012-13, 52 not
reported
6
Comparison of various police reported violent
crimes between 200809 and 201213 and percentage
change in Scotland
  200809 201213 change
Homicide 134 91 32
Attempted murder serious assault 6,472 3,643 43
Robbery 2,963 1,832 38
Rape and attempted rape 963 1,462 52
Sexual assault 3,297 3,008 9
Source Scottish Government 2013 Statistical Bulletin

7
Shared Causes of Violence at Ecological Levels
Bellis et al (2012)
Ecological level Ecological level Ecological level Ecological level Ecological level
          Shared causes of violence Individual Relationship Community Society
          Shared causes of violence Victim of child abuse Poor parenting practices   Poverty Economic inequality
          Shared causes of violence Psychological/ personality disorder Marital discord   High unemployment Gender inequality
          Shared causes of violence Delinquent behaviour Violent parental conflict High crime levels Cultural norms that support violence
          Shared causes of violence Alcohol consumption/ drug use Low socioeconomic household Local illicit drug trade High firearm availability
          Shared causes of violence   Delinquent peers Inadequate victim care services Weak economic safety nets
8
Interventions to address the following forms and
contexts of violence

• Youth violence
• Intimate partner violence
• Child abuse
• Suicide
• Elder abuse
• Sexual violence
• Violence against people with disability
• Substance use and violence
• Other forms of violence eg FGM, honour based,
  stalking, harassment

ScotPHN is hosted by
9
Initiative Partner organisations Aim Evaluation
Operation Perrygold Police Scotland Dedicated patrol of Sauchie area, Clackmannanshire, to tackle youth disorder and prevent violence to reduce number of complaints of antisocial behaviour engage with young people and prevent disorder related violence No
Active targeting of high risk offenders   Police Scotland Aberdeenshire Council Community Safety Services social work housing NHS Grampian Womens Aid To deliver victim-based interventions whilst the offender is in police custody Unknown
Conflict resolution workshops     Police Scotland Aberdeenshire Council SACRO SACRO to deliver conflict resolution workshops in two secondary schools identified as "hot spots" for antisocial behaviour. To address challenging behaviour within schools reduce incidents of bullying enable young people to understand conflict and how to deal with it appropriately. Unknown
Connect Service Barnados Aberdeen City Council Police Scotland Works with young people who are involved in offending and risk taking behaviours, including those who have committed offences relating to violence or at risk from violence No
Drugs Action/Quay Service Barnados Action Aberdeen To educate and help prevent violence against female prostitutes Unknown
GP gender based violence pilot     NHS Greater Glasgow Clyde To provide training and support to GP practice staff to support pro-active enquiry on domestic abuse to improve and speed up access to information and referral into local specialist domestic abuse support services No
Gender based violence amongst people with learning disabilities NHS Greater Glasgow Clyde Mental Health Services Womens Support Project Improving identification of experiences of GBV amongst service users with learning disabilities Yes
10

• My attitude to peace is rather based on the
  Burmese definition of peace - it really means
  removing all the negative factors that destroy
  peace in this world. So peace does not mean just
  putting an end to violence or to war, but to all
  other factors that threaten peace, such as
  discrimination, such as inequality, poverty.
• Aung San Suu Kyi

11
Steering Group
     
Lucy Denvir Consultant in Public Health NHS Tayside
Moira Paton Head of Community Health Improvement Planning NHS Highland
Anne Clarke Senior Manager, Public Health NHS Ayrshire Arran
Christine Goodall Senior Clinical Lecturer Oral Surgery School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow
Karyn McCluskey Co-Director Violence Reduction Unit
Linzie Liddell Community Safety Unit Scottish Government
Katie Cosgrove National Programme Manager NHS Health Scotland
Linda Irvine Strategic Programme Mgr Mental NHS Lothian Health and Wellbeing Strategic Programme Mgr Mental NHS Lothian Health and Wellbeing
Nic Amos Health Improvement Specialist NHS Borders
Clare Collin Community Safety Unit Scottish Government
Karen McGuigan Health Improvement NHS Lanarkshire
Lesley Johnston GBV Adviser NHS Lothian
Nigel Calvert Consultant Public Health Medicine NHS DumfriesGalloway
12
Scottish Public Health Network

• www.scotphn.net
• nhs.healthscotland-scotphn_at_nhs.net