WOMEN

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WOMEN EQUALITY

• CHAPTER 31, SECTION 2

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SECTION 2 QUIZ

• 1. ___was the belief that women should have
  economic, political, social equality with men.
• 2. The 1961 Presidential Commission on the
  Status of Women was created by which President?
• 3. ___is discrimination against women.
• 4. In 1963,___wrote a book called the Feminine
  Mystique.
• 5. N.O.W. is an acronym for
• 6. In 1971, journalist ___ helped found the
  National Womens Political Caucus.
• 7. ___ was the 1973 Supreme Court case that
  legalized abortion in the first trimester of
  pregnancy.
• 8. In 1972, what piece of legislation was passed
  by Congress but failed to be fully ratified by
  the states?
• 9. ___ was national chairperson of the Stop-ERA
  campaign.
• 10. ___ was invisible resistance to promoting
  women in jobs.

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KEY TERMS

• FEMINISM
• BETTY FRIEDAN
• NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF WOMEN (N.O.W.)
• GLORIA STEINAM
• EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT (E.R.A.)
• PHYLLIS SCHLAFLY

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IMPORTANT DATES

• 1961 PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF
  WOMEN
• 1963 THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE PUBLISHED
• 1966 N.O.W. FOUNDED
• 1972 E.R.A. PASSED IN CONGRESS
• 1973 ROE V. WADE
• 1982 E.R.A. FAILS RATIFICATION

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FEMINISM

• FEMINISM DEFINE
• BELIEF THAT WOMEN SHOULD HAVE ECONOMIC,
  POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL EQUALITY WITH MEN
• WHEN? GAINS STRENGTH IN 1960s
• WHY?
• 1950s 1 OUT OF 3 WOMEN IN AMERICAN WORKFORCE
• 1960s OVER 40 HAD JOBS OUTSIDE THE HOME
• PROBLEM VERY LIMITED JOB OPPORTUNITIES W/LOW
  PAY
• EXAMPLES?
• DOMESTIC SERVICES
• RETAIL SALES
• SOCIAL WORK
• RESULTS?
• 1961 JFK CREATES PRES. COMMISSION ON THE STATUS
  OF WOMEN
• FIND?
• WOMEN WERE OFTEN PAID LESS FOR DOING THE SAME
  JOBS AS MEN
• WOMEN WERE OFTEN NOT PROMOTED IN JOBS, EVEN WHEN
  DESERVING

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FEMINISM GROWS

• WHY?
• JOB DISCRIMINATION CAUSES MANY WOMEN TO ORGANIZE
  EFFORTS
• MANY PROTEST ORAGNIZATIONS ARE ALSO RUN,
  DOMINATED BY MEN
• NEW DEVELOPMENTS
• 1963 BETTY FRIEDAN PUBLISHES THE FEMININE
  MYSTIQUE
• TOPIC BOOK POPULARIZES WOMENS ISSUES
  HIGHLIGHTS PROBLEMS, ETC.
• EFFECT?
• WOMENS LIBERATION MOVEMENT GAINS POWER
• MORE WOMEN ENCOURAGED TO PARTICIPATE IN WOMENS
  LIB MOVEMENT

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• BETTY FRIEDAN

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WOMENS LIBERATION MOVEMENT

• 1966 NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF WOMEN FOUNDED
  (N.O.W.)
• DEFINE GROUP DEVOTED TO ADDRESSING WOMENS
  ISSUES
• GOALS?
• BETTER CHILD CARE FACILITIES
• IMPROVE WOMENS EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
• ELIMINATION OF JOB DISCRIMINATION BASED ON GENDER
• N.O.W. GROWS 1966-1969 MEMBERSHIP GROWS FROM
  300-175,000
• OTHER WOMENS LIB. DEVELOPMENTS
• 1971 GLORIA STEINAM FOUNDS NATIONAL WOMENS
  POLITICAL CAUCUS
• 1972 HIGHER EDUCATION ACT
• OUTLAWS GENDER DISCRIMINATION TO ANY INSTITUTION
  RECEIVING FEDERAL
• WORKING PARENTS GIVEN TAX BREAK FOR CHILD-CARE
  EXPENSES

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• GLORIA STEINAM

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ROE v. WADE

• WHAT? SUPREME COURT CASE
• WHEN? 1973
• ISSUE?
• DOES A WOMAN HAVE THE RIGHT TO HAVE AN ABORTION?
• COURT DECISION
• GRANTED WOMEN THE RIGHT TO HAVE AN ABORTION IN
  THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF PREGNANCY
• EFFECT?
• ABORTION IS LEGALIZED IN THE U.S.
• ABORTION-RIGHTS ADVOCATES, LIKE N.O.W., GAIN
  POLITICAL POWER
• THE ABORTION DEBATE CONTIUES TO DIVIDE AMERICANS

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• Anti-Abortion
• Protests, Washington

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E.R.A

• 1972 CONGRESS PASSES EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
• DESCRIBE
• 1st INTRODUCED TO CONGRESS IN 1923
• WOULD GUARANTEE EQUAL RIGHTS UNDER THE LAW TO
  BOTH GENDERS
• 1972 AFTER ITS PASSED IN CONGRESS, IT NEEDED
  RATIFICATION BY ¾ (38) U.S. STATES
• WIDESPREAD RESISTANCE TO E.R.A.
• WHO?
• CONSERVATIVE RELIGIOUS GROUPS
• CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL GROUPS
• STOP-ERA CAMPAIGN PHYLLIS SCHLAFLY
• WHY?
• FEAR NEGATIVE IMPACT ON FAMILIES
• DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER ISSUES
• SAME-SEX MARRIAGE
• DRAFTING OF WOMEN
• RESULT?
• 1977 ERA RATIFIED BY 35 OF 38 STATES FAILS TO
  GET 38 STATES

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1972 Pro-ERA Rally
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• Phyllis Schlafly,
• Stop-ERA Campaign
• Chairperson