Title: Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials
1Chapter 4Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials
2????
- ??????????
- ?????(Ellingham Diagrams)????
- ??????
3????
- ??????????????????
- ??????????????????
3
44.1 ??????????
- ??
- ?
- ?
- ??????
- ???????????
54.1.1 ???????
- ??(Internal Energy)
- ??????????????????,???????????????,?????????????
,????????,?????????? - ?????????
W?PV0
6???????
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6
7- ?(Entropy)
- ???????(QR)????????
-
- ????????????????????????????????
- ?????????????,?????????????????
7
8??????? ??????????,????????
?Glt0,??????? ?Ggt0,???????? ?G0,?????????
????????
94.1.2 ??????????????
??????????
????
10???????????
?G0?H0-T?S0
300K
1200K
114.2????????? Ellingham Diagrams
4.2.1 ?????
- ??????G0-T???
- ?G0-T???????
12(No Transcript)
13?G0-T????
- ??????????,??S0lt0, (- ?S0)gt0,?????
- ??O2??????
- ??????????,??S0gt0, (- ?S0)lt0,?????
- ??????????,??S00, (- ?S0)0,????,?? G0????????
144.2.2 ????????
- ???????,?????????????????????????????,????????????
???????????????
154.2.2.1 ??????????
??T??????
??????,????????,???????????
164.2.2.2 ????????
- ?G0-T??????,???????G0????,?????????
- ??????,??????G0-T?????????????G0-T??????????
- ??H2O??????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????????????G0?
17?TiO2?MgO???
- TiO2?????MgO??????,??????????????
- 1000???????????????
- ?G0lt0,??????????Ti???MnO?
184.2.2.3 ?????????
- ??????????????????,??????????????????
- ??CO???????,??????,?G0??,CO??????
- ???????,??????????????
194.3 ??????
- ?(phase)???????,?????????????
- ?????????????,?????????
- ??(phase diagram)???(??)????????????????????????
??????????
????,???????????,???????????????,??????,??????????
??,??????????????????????
204.3.1 ??????
- ??(Component) ??????????????,?????????????
- ???????????
- ???(Phases Equilibrium) ?????????????,??????????
????????,???????????????? - ?????????????
21- ?????(Gibbs Phase Rule)
- ?????????????????? ??????????????
- f c-p2
- f????
- c????????????
- p??????
- 2???????????????
- ????????????,????????? ,???1
224.3.2 ??
234.3.2.2 ????? Unary phase diagrams
c1
???p1,f2
?????? p2,f1
???p3,f0
24????????????
254.3.2.4 ???? Binary phase diagrams
- c2
- ?????fc-p13-p
- ????????f3-12
?????
??????
26??????
- ????(isomorphous system)??????????
wB,
27????
28??????
?????????
29????
2?? ??????? c2,p2,f1 2???? ??????? c2,p
1,f2 1???? c2,p2,f1
30????????
?????
?????
31??????Eutectic phase diagram
- ???(A?B)??????????????????????????????
32????
L
???
???
???
???
Lß
La
ß
a
???
???
aß
aB????A????????? ßA????B????????? ??????????,??
????????????
33????eutectic reaction
- ???????????????,??????
- ????,??????
- fc-p12-310
- ????????????????????,?????????????
34 - ??? eutectic point ?????,???????????????????(E?)?
- ???? eutectic temperature??????,????????????
- ???? eutectic composition??????,????????????
35E??????????CE????????????CC???????CD??????????W?/
W?????????
????????
36?? Pb-Sn??
??1???????????
37??????Peritectic phase diagram
????(peritectic reaction) ??????,???????????????
??????,?????????????
38????
???
???
???
39????????????
40?? Pt-Ag??
41(No Transcript)
42?????? Monotectic phase diagram
??? monotectic point
????( monotectic reaction)
43??????????
- ?????????,???????
- ???????????,?????????????????,??????????
- ?????????????????????,??????????????,???????
44????????Mg-Si??
?????????K-Na??
45???????????
- ????????????,?????????1,????????,??????????????,?
??????????????,???????????? - ??????,????????????,??????????????,???????????,???
????????,????????????????,????????????? - ??????????????????,???????????????,?????????
46???????????
- ????????????????,????????
- ????????,??????????????????,????,???????
- ????????,??????????????,??????????????????????
- ?????????????,??????????????????????(????????????)
?????????????,?????????,??????????,???????????????
???????????,????????????
47????????????
?????? ?????? ??? ????
??? (???) ???? L?aß
??? (???) ???? ??aß
??? (???) ???? L1?L2a
??? (???) ???? d??L
??? (???) ???? Lß?a
??? (???) ???? ?ß?a
??? (???) ???? L1L2?a
484.3.2.5 ?????? Ternary phase diagrams
- (1)?????????????
- ???c3
- ??fc-p13-p14-p (????)
- ????????????
- ??????3????
p 1 2 3 4
f 3 2 1 0
49???????
- ???????????
- ???????
- ???????????????
- ???????????????,?AB,BC,AC?
50?????
- ?????????????A?B?C
- ??????????100,?????????????????????
- M?????????
51(2)??????????
- ?????
- ???????,?????????????????????????????
- DD???????,???CD a???
- EE???????,???AE b???
- FF???????,???BF c????
52?????
- ??????????????????,?????????????????????,?????????
??????????
CD ??????M,???A?B???????
53????
- ??????????M,??M????????????,?????????????(??????),
????????????????????,??????????
54????
- ??????,????????????(?????????????)?,????????????,?
????????????????????
55????
- ?????,????????????M1?M2?M3?????M,???M?????????
M1M2M3??,M????????????????f1,T???,?????????????
56??????
- M??? M1M2M3???????,????????????????????M1M2??????
?M3???????M,????????????
M1M2P MM3P
M1M2MM3
57??????
- ????M?????? M1M2M3??????,??????????????????,?M????
??????? - ??????M,???M3???????M1?M2?
????M1M2MM3
MM3-( M1M2)
58(3)??????
- ?????????????,???????,?????????????????
59???
???
60c
c
C
a
b
B
A
b
a
61????
??????????M?????????
62???
63?????
T
??? ??????????????
64??????
K