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Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials

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Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials Chapter4 Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials * * eutectic point ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials


1
Chapter 4Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials
  • ???????

2
????
  • ??????????
  • ?????(Ellingham Diagrams)????
  • ??????

3
????
  • ??????????????????
  • ??????????????????

3
4
4.1 ??????????
  • ??
  • ?
  • ?
  • ??????
  • ???????????

5
4.1.1 ???????
  • ??(Internal Energy)
  • ??????????????????,???????????????,?????????????
    ,????????,??????????
  • ?????????

W?PV0
6
  • ?(Enthalpy)

???????
9/24/2015 111042 AM
6
7
  • ?(Entropy)
  • ???????(QR)????????
  • ????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????,?????????????????

7
8
  • ???(Free Energy)

??????? ??????????,????????
?Glt0,??????? ?Ggt0,???????? ?G0,?????????
????????
9
4.1.2 ??????????????
??????????
????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ?????

10
???????????
?G0?H0-T?S0
300K
1200K
11
4.2????????? Ellingham Diagrams
4.2.1 ?????
  • ??????G0-T???
  • ?G0-T???????

12
(No Transcript)
13
?G0-T????
  • ??????????,??S0lt0, (- ?S0)gt0,?????
  • ??O2??????
  • ??????????,??S0gt0, (- ?S0)lt0,?????
  • ??????????,??S00, (- ?S0)0,????,?? G0????????

14
4.2.2 ????????
  • ???????,?????????????????????????????,????????????
    ???????????????

15
4.2.2.1 ??????????
??T??????

??????,????????,???????????
16
4.2.2.2 ????????
  • ?G0-T??????,???????G0????,?????????
  • ??????,??????G0-T?????????????G0-T??????????
  • ??H2O??????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????G0?

17
?TiO2?MgO???
  • TiO2?????MgO??????,??????????????
  • 1000???????????????
  • ?G0lt0,??????????Ti???MnO?

18
4.2.2.3 ?????????
  • ??????????????????,??????????????????
  • ??CO???????,??????,?G0??,CO??????
  • ???????,??????????????

19
4.3 ??????
  • ?(phase)???????,?????????????
  • ?????????????,?????????
  • ??(phase diagram)???(??)????????????????????????
    ??????????

????,???????????,???????????????,??????,??????????
??,??????????????????????
20
4.3.1 ??????
  • ??(Component) ??????????????,?????????????
  • ???????????
  • ???(Phases Equilibrium) ?????????????,??????????
    ????????,????????????????
  • ?????????????

21
  • ?????(Gibbs Phase Rule)
  • ?????????????????? ??????????????
  • f c-p2
  • f????
  • c????????????
  • p??????
  • 2???????????????
  • ????????????,????????? ,???1

22
4.3.2 ??
  • 4.3.2.1 ?????

23
4.3.2.2 ????? Unary phase diagrams
c1
???p1,f2
?????? p2,f1
???p3,f0
24
????????????
25
4.3.2.4 ???? Binary phase diagrams
  • c2
  • ?????fc-p13-p
  • ????????f3-12

?????
??????
26
??????
  • ????(isomorphous system)??????????

wB,
27
????
28
??????
?????????
29
????
2?? ??????? c2,p2,f1 2???? ??????? c2,p
1,f2 1???? c2,p2,f1
30
????????
?????
?????
31
??????Eutectic phase diagram
  • ???(A?B)??????????????????????????????

32
????
L
???
???
???
???

La
ß
a
???
???

aB????A????????? ßA????B????????? ??????????,??
????????????
33
????eutectic reaction
  • ???????????????,??????
  • ????,??????
  • fc-p12-310
  • ????????????????????,?????????????

34
  • ??? eutectic point ?????,???????????????????(E?)?
  • ???? eutectic temperature??????,????????????
  • ???? eutectic composition??????,????????????

35
E??????????CE????????????CC???????CD??????????W?/
W?????????
????????
36
?? Pb-Sn??
??1???????????
37
??????Peritectic phase diagram
????(peritectic reaction) ??????,???????????????
??????,?????????????
38
????
???
???
???
39
????????????
40
?? Pt-Ag??
41
(No Transcript)
42
?????? Monotectic phase diagram
??? monotectic point
????( monotectic reaction)
43
??????????
  • ?????????,???????
  • ???????????,?????????????????,??????????
  • ?????????????????????,??????????????,???????

44
????????Mg-Si??
?????????K-Na??
45
???????????
  1. ????????????,?????????1,????????,??????????????,?
    ??????????????,????????????
  2. ??????,????????????,??????????????,???????????,???
    ????????,????????????????,?????????????
  3. ??????????????????,???????????????,?????????

46
???????????
  • ????????????????,????????
  • ????????,??????????????????,????,???????
  • ????????,??????????????,??????????????????????
  • ?????????????,??????????????????????(????????????)
    ?????????????,?????????,??????????,???????????????
    ???????????,????????????

47
????????????
?????? ?????? ??? ????
??? (???) ???? L?aß
??? (???) ???? ??aß
??? (???) ???? L1?L2a
??? (???) ???? d??L
??? (???) ???? Lß?a
??? (???) ???? ?ß?a
??? (???) ???? L1L2?a
48
4.3.2.5 ?????? Ternary phase diagrams
  • (1)?????????????
  • ???c3
  • ??fc-p13-p14-p (????)
  • ????????????
  • ??????3????

p 1 2 3 4
f 3 2 1 0
49
???????
  • ???????????
  • ???????
  • ???????????????
  • ???????????????,?AB,BC,AC?


50
?????
  • ?????????????A?B?C
  • ??????????100,?????????????????????
  • M?????????

51
(2)??????????
  • ?????
  • ???????,?????????????????????????????
  • DD???????,???CD a???
  • EE???????,???AE b???
  • FF???????,???BF c????

52
?????
  • ??????????????????,?????????????????????,?????????
    ??????????

CD ??????M,???A?B???????
53
????
  • ??????????M,??M????????????,?????????????(??????),
    ????????????????????,??????????

54
????
  • ??????,????????????(?????????????)?,????????????,?
    ????????????????????

55
????
  • ?????,????????????M1?M2?M3?????M,???M?????????
    M1M2M3??,M????????????????f1,T???,?????????????

56
??????
  • M??? M1M2M3???????,????????????????????M1M2??????
    ?M3???????M,????????????

M1M2P MM3P
M1M2MM3
57
??????
  • ????M?????? M1M2M3??????,??????????????????,?M????
    ???????
  • ??????M,???M3???????M1?M2?

????M1M2MM3
MM3-( M1M2)
58
(3)??????
  • ?????????????,???????,?????????????????

59
???
???
60
c
c
C
a
b
B
A
b
a
61
????
??????????M?????????
62
???
63
?????
T
??? ??????????????
64
??????
K
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