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Title: Wednesday, September 5


1
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
2
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
3
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
4
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
5
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular heterotrophic
eukaryotes
6
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes
ingest their food
7
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest
their food
no cell walls
8
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest
their food no cell walls
nervous tissue
9
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
  • ingest their food
  • no cell walls
  • nervous tissue

muscle tissue
10
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
  • ingest their food
  • no cell walls
  • nervous tissue
  • muscle tissue

blastula stage
11
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
  • ingest their food
  • no cell walls
  • nervous tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • blastula stage

gastrula stage
12
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • What is an animal?
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
  • ingest their food
  • no cell walls
  • nervous tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • blastula stage
  • gastrula stage

embryonic tissue layers
13
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • What is an animal?
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
  • ingest their food
  • no cell walls
  • nervous tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • blastula stage
  • gastrula stage
  • embryonic tissue layers

Hox genes
14
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • What is an animal?
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
  • ingest their food
  • no cell walls
  • nervous tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • blastula stage
  • gastrula stage
  • embryonic tissue layers
  • Hox genes

15
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • What is an animal?
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
  • ingest their food
  • no cell walls
  • nervous tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • blastula stage
  • gastrula stage
  • embryonic tissue layers
  • Hox genes

Animals probably evolved from a colonial,
flagellated protist.
16
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • What is an animal?
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
  • ingest their food
  • no cell walls
  • nervous tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • blastula stage
  • gastrula stage
  • embryonic tissue layers
  • Hox genes

Animals probably evolved from a colonial,
flagellated protist.
17
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
18
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Phylogenetic trees are always being revised.

19
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Science is different from other ways of knowing
  • Even our most cherished ideas in science are
    probationary
  • Ideas can be falsified through experiments or
    observation
  • The more testing a hypothesis withstands, the
    more credible it is
  • Its all about the evidence.

20
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
21
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
22
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
23
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
24
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
25
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
26
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
27
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Deuterostome
Protostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
28
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Deuterostome
Protostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
29
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Deuterostome
Protostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
30
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Deuterostome
Protostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
31
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Deuterostome
Protostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
32
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Protostome
Deuterostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
33
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Protostome
Deuterostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
34
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Protostome
Deuterostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Each of the four main branches divides the tree
into grades based on body plan.
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
35
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The old system

Protostome
Deuterostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
36
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The new system

Protostome
Deuterostome
No body cavity
Body cavity
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
37
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The new system

Protostome
Deuterostome
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
38
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The new system

Deuterostome
Protostome
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
39
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • The new system

Lophotrochozoa (tentacles)
Ecdysozoa (exoskeletons)
Deuterostome
Protostome
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
No true tissues
True tissues
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
40
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Most animal phyla originated in the Cambrian
    explosion between 525 million and 565 million
    years ago.

41
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Most animal phyla originated in the Cambrian
    explosion between 525 million and 565 million
    years ago.
  • Evolution was so fast during that period that it
    is difficult to sort out the history.

42
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Causes of the Cambrian explosion

43
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Causes of the Cambrian explosion
  • Ecological

44
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Causes of the Cambrian explosion
  • Ecological The development of predator-prey
    relationships

45
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Causes of the Cambrian explosion
  • Ecological The development of predator-prey
    relationships
  • Geological

46
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Causes of the Cambrian explosion
  • Ecological The development of predator-prey
    relationships
  • Geological Increasing levels of atmospheric
    oxygen

47
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Causes of the Cambrian explosion
  • Ecological The development of predator-prey
    relationships
  • Geological Increasing levels of atmospheric
    oxygen
  • Genetic

48
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Causes of the Cambrian explosion
  • Ecological The development of predator-prey
    relationships
  • Geological Increasing levels of atmospheric
    oxygen
  • Genetic Changes in the Hox genes which control
    embryonic development.

49
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
  • Three Germ Layers
  • and the
  • Coelom

50
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
51
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
52
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
53
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
54
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
55
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
ectoderm mesoderm endoderm
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
56
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
ectoderm mesoderm endoderm
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
57
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
ectoderm mesoderm endoderm
anus mouth
mouth anus
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
58
Chapter 32Introduction to Animal Evolution
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