The Civil War

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The Civil War

• A Country Divided

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Life in the North

• Based on industry
• Factories and shipping
• Few family farms (small, not for cash)
• No need for slaves
• On the issue of slavery
• Slavery was illegal in the North by the 1800s
• Many abolitionists in the North
• Gave speeches, wrote newspapers and books
• Overall, tolerated slavery in the South, but did
  not want newly added states to allow slavery
• Discriminated against African Americans
• Not allowed to vote
• sent to unequal schools
• not allowed to own property

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Life in the South

• Many southern plantations
• A few wealthy plantation owners owned most of the
  slaves in the South
• Few average families owned 1 or 2 slaves
• Yet southerners supported the idea of slavery
• Cotton gin
• Invented by Eli Whitney
• Invention that took seeds out of cotton
• Now cotton could be cleaned much faster
• Cotton became a popular fabric
• Higher demand for cotton meant higher demand for
  slaves
• cotton gin animation

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Abolitionists

• Abolitionists
• Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad
• The Moses of her people
• Frederick Douglass
• One of the greatest speakers
• Sojourner Truth
• Former slave, abolitionist, preacher, and womens
  advocate

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Causes of the Civil War

• As territories become states, Congress fights
  over the slavery issue
• Missouri Compromise
• Maine is made a free state, Missouri made a slave
  state
• Number of free and slave states remains equal

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Causes of the Civil War, cont.

• Compromise of 1850
• California is admitted as a free state
• In exchange, the southern states demand that the
  Fugitive Slave Act is enforced
• Runaway slaves must be returned to South

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Causes of the Civil War, cont.

• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Newly added states would get to decide for
  themselves if they would become a free or slave
  state (not Congress)
• Called popular soveignty

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Abraham Lincoln Elected

• South feared Lincoln would try to end slavery in
  the U.S.
• Even though he had promised not to
• Lincoln did say he did not want any new states to
  allow slavery

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The Reaction to Lincoln

• South Carolina secedes from the Union
• 10 other states follow
• Form the Confederate States of America
• A.K.A. Confederacy
• North called them the South, Rebels

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The Confederacy

• The Confederates are seen by the Union (U.S.) as
  rebels, traitors
• Just as the Americans were seen by the British
  when they declared independence
• Acted as an independent country
• Own currency (money)
• Flag
• Jefferson Davis as president
• constitution

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The Civil War Begins

• Fort Sumter is held by U.S. troops, but is in
  Confederate territory
• Shots are fired, the war begins
• U.S. troops are forced to surrender the fort
• President Lincoln fights with one purpose in mind
• To reunite the country

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Border States

• Slave states that remained with the Union
• Delaware
• Maryland
• West Virginia
• Kentucky
• Missouri

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Generals

• Union General Ulysses S. Grant
• Proved himself worthy during the war
• Promoted to General-in-Chief in 1864
• Confederacy Robert E. Lee
• From Virginia (a southern state)
• Was a loyal American
• Chose to fight alongside Confederates because he
  did not want to fight against his family and
  friends in Virginia

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Advantages for the Union

• Factories to make weapons
• More railroads
• More people (to become soldiers)
• More money from taxes

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Advantages for the South

• Many good generals
• Many brave soldiers
• Dedicated to freedom

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Issued by Lincoln about halfway through the war
• Stated that all southern slaves were free
• African Americans were now accepted into the
  Union military
• Changed the reason for fighting the war
• From reuniting the Union to ending slavery
• This made European countries allies of the Union

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Battle of Gettysburg

• Located at border of Pennsylvania and Maryland
• 3 day battle in 1863
• North and South accidentally collided
• North wins turning point of the war
• 3rd day Picketts Charge
• South charged Union lines, but each row of men
  was shot down
• 10,000 dead in 50 minutes
• Town of Gettysburg had population of 2,400
  after battle there were 51,000 casualties
• 172,000 men fought
• 634 cannons over 25 sq. miles
• 569 tons of ammo used
• 5,000 dead horses

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Gettysburg Address

• Lincoln comes to Gettysburg
• Dedicates the battlefield to those who died in
  battle
• Encourages country to keep fighting the war

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The Civil War Ends

• South surrenders in 1865 at Appomattox Courthouse
  
• President Lincoln is shot 5 days later
• By John Wilkes Booth at Fords Theater
• 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are soon added to
  the Constitution
• 13th ends slavery
• 14th gives citizenship to all born in the US
• 15th gives right to vote to all adult men
• Jim Crow laws and Black Codes keep inequality of
  blacks in the South
• policy of segregation and separation

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Review

• What caused the Civil War?
• How did the Civil War end?
• How would the U.S. be different if the South had
  won the war?