Invertebrate Animals

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Invertebrate Animals

• Sponges

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I -PHYLUM PORIFERA SPONGESPore-bearing
animals
Variety of sponges at coral reef
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• Glass Sponges
• They are deep water sponges that form large
  billowing growths up to ten feet in diameter and
  nearly seven feet high. They use silica and glass
  like spicules to form the support structure of
  the sponge.

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• Cloud sponges are found from Alaska to Mexico,
  typically in inlets and rock ledges at depths of
  100 feet or deeper. They belong to a group that
  was present before the time of the dinosaurs.

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A)
Major Characteristics

• 1) Habitat fresh (150 species), or salt water
  (10,000 species)
• 2) General Structure No true tissues or organs
  (size 1 cm 2 meters)

Tube Sponges
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• 3) Movement sessile in adult form, most adults
  remain firmly attached to a surface such as a
  rock

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BODY PLAN
B)

• 1) Body wall with 2 layers of cells separated by
  a jelly-like substance
• 2) The sponge interior is lined with cells known
  as Choanocytes, or collar cells. Their beating
  flagella draw water into the
• sponge through pores.

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• 3) Water enters the sponge through incurrent
  pores.
• 4) Water leaves the sponge through the
  osculum,(excurrent pore) a large pore in the top
  of the sponge

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• 5) Support of the sponge is provided by a
  skeleton of protein fiber network called
  spongin, or in some sponges, a network of hard
  particles called spicules. Spicules are tiny,
  hard particles of calcium carbonate or silicon
  dioxide.

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Spicules
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Glass Sponge Spicules
glass sponge
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Glass Sponge Spicules
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NUTRITION
C)

• 1) Sponges filter food from the water. They are
  filter feeders.
• 2) They eat bacteria, protozoans, unicellular
  algae, and organic matter. In some cases they
  can filter several thousand liters a day.

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Digestion

D)

• 1) Choanocytes(collar cells) digest food.
• 2) Archeocytes (amebocytes) distribute food
  thoughout the sponge.

(complete digestion - intracellular)
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Waste excretion-

E)

• Diffusion of wastes directly into the water

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Reproduction

F)

• 1) asexual internal buds called gemmules
  food-filled ball of archeocytes(amebocytes)
  surrounded by a protective coat made of organic
  material. The gemmules also survive harsh
  conditions that kill the sponge.

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• 2) sexual archeocytes (amebocytes) carry sperm
  to egg cells within the sponge, usually from
  another sponge, expelled into the water.
• 3) Sponges are hermaphroditic and can therefore
  produce both sperm and egg cells within the same
  animal.
• 4) Sponge larvae have flagella to leave
• the parent and find a new location.

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Sponges are homes to other animals
Red sponge with brittle star inside
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Synthetic sponges
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PURPLE SPONGE