Biology 211

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Introduction

• Biology 211
• Anatomy Physiology I
• Dr. Tony Serino

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Anatomy Physiology

• Anatomy study of body structures and their
  relationships
• Physiology study of body mechanisms (homeostasis)

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Levels of Anatomy
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Body Plan
skin

• Tube within a tube
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord
• Notochord and vertebra
• Segmentation
• Pharnygeal gill slits

gut
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Internal vs. External Environment
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Body Cavities
(Peritoneal cavity)
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Serous Membranes Mesenteries

• Mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium) lining
  the body cavities (parietal) and their organs
  (visceral)
• Each membrane is named for the cavity it lines
• Form double membranes which suspend organs within
  cavities
• True mesenteries connect the body wall to the
  organ
• Ligaments connect organ to organ

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Visceral vs. Parietal
Parietal membrane
Body Cavity filled with serous fluid
Visceral membrane
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Pericardium
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Pleura
Parietal Pleura
Visceral Pleura
Pleural cavity
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Peritoneum
Peritonealcavity (includes abdominaland pelvic
cavities)
Parietal Peritoneum
Visceral Peritoneum
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Abdominal Regions
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Abdominal Quadrants
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Body Plan
Body Planes

• Tube within a tube
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord
• Notochord and vertebra
• Segmentation
• Pharnygeal gill slits

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Anatomical Directions
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Body Plan

• Tube within a tube
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord
• Notochord and vertebra
• Segmentation
• Pharnygeal gill slits

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Body Plan

• Tube within a tube
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord
• Notochord and vertebra
• Segmentation
• Pharnygeal gill slits

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Body Plan

• Tube within a tube
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord
• Notochord and vertebra
• Segmentation
• Pharnygeal gill slits

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Homeostasis

• Maintenance of a constant internal environment
• Uses a reflex arc to self regulate
• Reflex functions to maintain a certain set point
  with a narrow physiological range

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Factors Affecting Homeostasis

• Feedback negative or positive
• Feed-forward regulation
• Acclimatization
• Biorhythms

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Body Fluids
Transcellular fluids are filtrates of the plasma
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Important Ions