CHAPTER 3 STATES OF MATTER

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CHAPTER 3 STATES OF MATTER

• SOLIDS- definite shape and volume
• LIQUIDS- definite volume but no definite shape.
  Takes the shape of the container
• GASSES- takes the shape and volume of the
  container----ex balloon depends on whether the
  volumes and shapes are definite or variable
• Plasma
• Bose Einstein condensate

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• Kinetic Theory
• mid 1800sall particles of matter are in
  constant motion
• Kinetic energy is energy of motion

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• Behavior of gasses
• Particles moving quickly and colliding with each
  other. The collisions result in kinetic energy
  being produced.
• These collisions will take place only inside the
  container where they are located
• Ex. Air in a tire

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Kinetic Theory applied to gas has 3 points

• Particles in a gas are in constant random motion
• The motion of one particle is unaffected by the
  motion of other particles unless the particles
  collide
• Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can
  be ignored under ordinary conditions

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• Behavior of Liquids
• Particles more closely packed than a gas
• Attraction of particles affect movement
• A liquid takes the shape of its container because
  the particles can flow to a new location

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• Behavior of solids
• Solids have a definite volume and shape because
  particles in a solid vibrate around fixed
  locations
• Pg 74 questions 1-6

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• PRESSURE
• The result of force distributed over an area
• FORCE
• Measured in newtons ( N)
• Area is measured in square meters
• Collisions between particles of a gas and the
  walls of the container cause the PRESSURE in a
  closed container of gas

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• The more frequent the collisions the greater the
  pressure the gas has
• Speed and mass affect pressure
• FACTORS THAT AFFECT PRESSURE
• Temperature- higher the temperature the higher
  the pressure. If the volume and number of
  particles is constant
• The temperature rise makes the particles increase
  in collisions and move faster
• They hit the walls with greater force ex. Tire
  pressure

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• VOLUME
• As volume decreases particles of trapped air
  collide more often with the walls of the
  container
• Decrease the volume of gas, increased pressure if
  the temp and the number of particles are constant
• Ex. Lungs (inhale) increase volume up pressure
  down (exhale) volume down pressure up

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• NUMBER OF PARTICLES
• Increase in the number of particles increases
  pressure of a gas if temperature and volume are
  constant
• Ex. Balloon bursting
• Page 81 questions 1-5

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PHASE CHANGES

• Melting
• Freezing
• Vaporization
• Condensation
• Sublimation
• Deposition
• Change from one state of matter to another

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• The temperature of a substance does not change
  during a phase change
• ENERGY AND PHASE CHANGES
• Energy is either absorbed or released during a
  phase change.
• Usually in the form of heat energy
• Ice formsgtenergy released
• Ice meltsgt energy absorbed

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• Melting - absorb
• Freezing - release
• Vaporization absorb
• Condensation- release
• Evaporation-absorb
• Endothermicgtabsorb heat
• Exothermicgtrelease heat

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• BOILING----- molecules move faster and faster and
  break away from each other
• Condensation---gas or vapor to liquid
• Sublimationendothermic directly from a solid to
  a gas w/o changing into a liquid

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• Deposition---exothermic gas or vapor into a
  solid ex. Frost on windows
• Page 91 questions 1-6
• Review page 95 questions 1-14, 22, 26