Term 3 Business

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Term 3 Business

• Projects due next week
• Submit via email or hard copy
• June Exam
• 2-3 hours
• Cumulative (on the entire year)
• 20
• Term 2 Tests and Marks
• Can see me at lunch or after school

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States of Matter
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• All matter is composed of particles (atoms, ions,
  or molecules)
• USE YOUR TEXT TO FIND A DEFINITION FOR EACH

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5

• We will study the states of matter
• Solids
• Liquids
• Gas
• There is also plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate

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• the number of particles in a
  substance
• - measures in kilograms
• or pounds
• the amount of space occupied by a
  substance
• - measured in cm3 or mL

Mass
Volume
Solids
Liquids
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SOLIDS

• The particles of solids are very close
• There is a strong attractive force between the
  particles

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SOLIDS

• The mass of a solid does not
• Change anywhere in the Universe
• - What does change elsewhere?
• There form also does not change

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SOLIDS

• The particles of a solid do not
• take on the form of their
• container
• Solids cannot be invisible
• The particles do not move but instead they
  vibrate.

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LIQUIDS

• The particles are close together but there is
  some space between them
• The attractive force is less than in a
  solid.
• But the particles can still move easily.

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LIQUIDS

• The mass does not change
• The volume does not change (we can
  always measure it)

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LIQUIDS

• The particles will take an
• indefinite form (they will take
• the shape of their container)
• They can never be invisible
• The particles move around e easily

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GAS

• The particles are very
• spread out.
• You can never measure the volume of a gas.
• The attractive force between particles
  in very small, and the gravitation force
  is also very weak

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GAS

• The mass is not constant
• The particles are always in
• motion
• Their form is indefinite
• (It will take the form of the container
  they are in)

???
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• Particles spread out in
• a container
• Gasses can be invisible
• Particles move constantly and rapidly

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Review Solids

• Mass?
• Volume?
• Form?
• Attraction?
• Particles?
• Invisible?
• Form of their container?

Constant
Constant
Constant
Strong
Close
No
No
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Review Liquids
constant

• Mass?
• Volume?
• Form?
• Attraction?
• Particles?
• Invisible?
• Form of their container?

constant
Not constant
medium
Medium
no
yes
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Review Gas

• Mass?
• Volume?
• Form?
• Attraction?
• Particles?
• Invisible?
• Form of their container?

Not Constant
Not Constant
Not Constant
Weak
Spread Out
Yes or no
yes
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Review Solid, Liquid and/or Gas??
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• The molecules move quickly

Gas
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• The particles vibrate only

Solid
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• Particles take the form of their container

Gas and Liquid
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• The particles are spread out

Gas
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• Constant mass

Solid and Liquid
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• Very small attraction between the molecules

Gas
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• Does not take the form of the container

Solid
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• Constant Mass, Constant Volume

Solid and Liquid
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• Not affected by gravity

Gas
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• Mass constant, volume constant, form changing

Liquid
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• Volume changes

Gas
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• Strong attractive force between particles

Solid
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• The particles can move

Gas and Liquid
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• Does not take the form of the container

Solid
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• Mass constant, volume constant, form constant

Solid
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Plasma

• Exists at extremely high temperatures.
• Found in nature
• Examples
• The center of the sun
• Stars
• Lightning

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Plasma!!
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Bose-Einstein Condensates

• The lowest state of matter.
• Occurs at very cold temperatures
• Absolute Zero(0Kelvin -273 Celsius)
• Particles stop moving
• Forms a SUPER SOLID!

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An increase in energy causes a change of state
Bose Einstein Condensate?
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Name Begins Ends Example
Fusion Solid Liquid Melting Ice
Vaporisation Liquid Gas Boiling Water
Sublimation Solid Gas Gas Solid Carbon Dioxide lt-gt vapor
Condensation Gas Liquid On the windows
Solidification Liquid Solid Ice
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CONDENSATION
SOLIDIFICATION
SUBLIMATION
VAPORISATION
FUSION
Bose-Einstein Condensate ?
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The Properties of Matter
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Pure Substances

• A pure substance consists of one
• type of particle.
• Water
• Chlorine
• Oxygen

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Mixtures

• Contains 2 different particles.
• Can be homogenous or heterogenous
• Examples
• Sugar and Water
• Koolaid
• Diet Coke ? ? ? ?

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Types of Mixtures
Homogenous Mixture Heterogenous Mixture
Particles are uniformly dispersed Examples - salt water - stirred KoolAid The particles are not uniformly dispersed Examples oil and water concrete
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Types of Mixtures

• Homogenous Mixtures are also called solutions.
• Heterogenous Mixtures are also called mechanical
  mixtures.

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Mixtures
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• Diet Coke

Heterogenous
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• Diet Coke WITHOUT bubbles

Homogenous
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• Black Coffee

Homogenous
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• Earth

Heterogenous
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• Sugar

Homogenous
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• New York Air

Heterogenous
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• Sand

Heterogenous
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• Aluminum Foil

Homogenous
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• Sugar Water

Homogenous
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• Spaghetti

Heterogenous
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• Paint

Homogenous
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• MiricleWhip

Homogenous
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• Alcohol

Homogenous/ Heterogenous
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• Ice Creame with Chocolate Chips

Heterogenous
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• Oil and Vinegar Salad Dressing

Heterogenous
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• Iron

Homogenous
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• Vegetable Soup

Heterogenous
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Properties of Matter
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Matter

• Definition Any substance that has a mass and
  volume
• All matter has physical and chemical properties

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Chemical Properties

• All properties that can create a new substance

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Chemical Properties

• Examples
• A reaction with a substance that creates water
• Supports combustion
• Neutralizes an acid
• Decomposition
• Corrosion

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Chemical Properties

• Examples cont
• A reactions with water that creates a gas
• Neutralization of a base
• Flammable
• A reaction with oxygen
• Conducts Electricty

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Physical Properties

• All properties that can be observed or measured

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Physical Properties

• A qualitative physical property is a
  characteristic that can be described but not
  measured
• A quantitative physical property is a
  characteristic that can be measured

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Physical Properties

• Boiling Point
• Melting Point
• Density
• Taste
• Colour

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Physical Properties

• Solubility
• Hardness
• Smell
• Shiny (reflects light)

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Changes ?

• All matter undergoes physical and chemical changes

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Change
Chemical
Physical
Does not modify
Modifies
The nature of the substance
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Do not forget!!!
Chemical Change Physical Change
- A new substance is created - A new substance is NOT created
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Hints for chemical changes

• Formation of a gas
• 2. Formation of a precipitate (solid)
• 3. Change in colour
• 4. Produces heat or light

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Hints for physical change

• 1. Change in form
• 2. Change in state of matter

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Physical Changes
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• If we can reverse the change, then it is physical
  
• Ex water salt salt water
• BUT we can boil the water to seperate the salt
  and water
• ? physical change ?

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Classifying Changes
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• Iron that rusts

Chemical
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A broken egg
Physical
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• Sodium Hydroxide dissolving in Water

Physical
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• Burning Candle

Chemical
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• Melting Ice Cube

Physical Change
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• Fireworks

Chemical Change
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• Formation of Icicles

Physical
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• Boiling Water Vapor

Physical
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• Sour Milk

Chemical
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• Washing a dog
• with soap and
• water

Physical
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• A melting
• Chocolate bar

Physical
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On coupe lefromage
Changement Physique
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• Acid on limestone creating carbon dioxide

Chemical
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• Reaction of vinegar and baking soda

Chemical
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• La bouilloire commence à bouillir

Changement Physique
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• A blacksmith
• Making a horseshoe

Physical
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• Rotting
• Wood

Chemical
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• A cat smoking
• A cigarette

Chemical
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Density
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Density

• The mass divided by the volume
• The amount of particles that exert a gravitation
  force in a measure space (how tightly packed they
  are)

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Density
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Example

• A softball has a mass of 360 g and a volume of
  270 cm3. Find its density

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Example

• A softball has a mass of 360 g and a volume of
  270 cm3. Find its density
• m 360 g
• V 270 cm3
• D ? g/cm3

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Example

• A softball has a mass of 360 g and a volume of
  270 cm3. Find its density
• m 360 g
• V 270 cm3
• D ? g/cm3

D m/v 360 / 270 1.33 g/cm3