Characteristics of Life

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Characteristics of Life

• Unit 3
• Chapter 5
• Lesson 1

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All living things have/do

• Cellular organization
• Contain one or more cells
• Bacteria are single celled (Unicellular). The
  single cell is responsible for carrying out all
  functions necessary to stay alive.
• In multicellular organisms the cells are
  specialized to do certain tasks.

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All living things have/do

• Chemicals of Life
• Cells contain certain chemicals
• Water
• Most abundant
• Carbohydrates
• Cells main energy source
• Proteins and lipids
• Building materials of cells
• Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
• Genetic material
• Carry instructions that cells need to carry out
  life functions

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All living things have/do

• Energy Use
• Organisms get energy from taking in and breaking
  down materials
• Metabolism is the combination of chemical
  reactions through which an organism builds up or
  breaks down materials.
• Cells use energy to grow and repair injured parts

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All living things have/do

• Response to Surroundings
• All organisms react to changes in their
  environment
• Stimulus- change in surroundings that causes an
  organism to react
• Example- changes in light and sounds
• Response- way the organism reacts to the stimulus
•  

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All living things have/do

• Growth and Development
• All living things grow and develop
• Growth is the process of becoming larger
• Development is the process of change that occurs
  during an organisms life producing a more
  complex organism.
• Energy is used to grow and develop

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All living things have/do

• Reproduction
• Asexual reproduction
• Involves only one parent and produces offspring
  identical to parent
• Example- bacteria
• Sexual reproduction
• Involves two parent cells (sperm and egg) that
  combine genetic material.
• Examples- mammals and birds

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Where do Living Things Come From?

• living things come from other living things
  through reproduction
• -Spontaneous Generation
• -mistaken idea that living things could
  come from nonliving things
• -believed over 400 years ago

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• spontaneous generation video (2 minutes)

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Franseco Redi

• - conducted experiment in the 1600s to help
  disprove spontaneous generation.
• -showed that maggots came from fly eggs and
  not from rotting meat
• -didnt convince everyone that spontaneous
  generation doesnt exist.
• Redi video

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Louis Pasteur

• gets credit for disproving spontaneous generation
  in the 1800s
• -boiled broth in flasks with curved necks. The
  necks let air in but kept bacteria out. On the
  flasks that the neck was broken bacteria was
  allowed to enter.

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• pasteur experiment

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What do Living Things Need to Survive?

• 1) food
• -source of energy
• -autotrophs (self feeder)
• -makes own food
• -example- plants
• -heterotrophs
• -cannot make their own food eats other
  organisms
• -example- animals, mushrooms, slime
  mold

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What do Living Things Need to Survive?

• 2) water
• -needed to obtain chemicals from surroundings,
  break down food, grow, move substances within
  bodies, and reproduce
• -water is vital to living things because it can
  dissolve more chemicals than any other
  substance
• -water in the human body
• -makes up 90 of liquid part of blood
• -food dissolves in blood and is transported to
  all body parts
• -removes waste from cells

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What do Living Things Need to Survive?

• 3) living space- includes a place to get food and
  water and shelter
• 4) Stable internal conditions
• -organisms must be able to keep the conditions
  inside the body stable, even when conditions
  in surroundings change.
• -homeostasis- maintenance of stable internal
  conditions
• - keeps internal conditions just right for
  cells to function
•