Title: Chapter 23
1Chapter 23 World War I
Video
Section Notes
The Impact of Modern Warfare
The Road to War Americans Prepare for
War Americans in World War I Establishing Peace
America in the 20th Century World War I The
War in Europe America Joins the Ranks
(417) http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8L0Wgio6c6k
Supporting the War (934) http//www.youtube.com/
watch?vmXwD7vsn3dg
Fear on the Homefront (519) http//www.youtube.co
m/watch?vM8W5s0hEJo8
History Close-up
Maps
Trench Warfare
World War I, 1914-1918 Europe After World War I
Quick Facts
Key Goals of the Fourteen Points Causes and
Effects of World War I Chapter 23 Visual Summary
Images
An End to Peace Primary Source Sinking of the
Lusitania Red Cross Volunteers Patriotic
Poster World War I U.S. Soldier World War I Deaths
2Videos
- America in the 20th Century World War I The
War in Europe - America Joins the Ranks (417)
- http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8L0Wgio6c6k
- Supporting the War (934)
- http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmXwD7vsn3dg
- - Fear on the Homefront (519)
- http//www.youtube.com/watch?vM8W5s0hEJo8
If time Digging Up the Trenches (13001)
http//www.youtube.com
/watch?vQIRoetUSq4E
3The Road to War
- The Big Idea
- In 1914 tensions in Europe exploded into the
deadliest war the world had ever seen. - Main Ideas
- Many factors contributed to the outbreak of World
War I. - European nations suffered massive casualties in
the wars early battles.
4Main Idea 1 Many factors contributed to the
outbreak of World War I.
- Nationalism
- Nationalism, a strong sense of pride and loyalty
to ones nation or culture, created tension
between nations. - Austria-Hungary included people from many
cultural groups. - Slavic nationalists wanted to break away from
Austria-Hungary and join the independent Slavic
country of Serbia.
- Imperialism
- Nations competed for control of territories both
in Europe and overseas. - Germany took the Alsace-Lorraine region from
France in 1871, and France wanted it back.
- Militarism
- Nations focused resources on militarism, the
aggressive strengthening of armed forces. - Raced to build armies and navies
- Made alliances to protect themselves
5The Spark
- Feelings of fear and distrust grew among European
powers in the early 1900s. - In 1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and
Herzegovina. - Slavic nationalists resisted violently wanted to
be a part of Serbia - June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary was assassinated in Sarajevo. - Killed by a Serb nationalist, Gavrilo Princip
- Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
- Nations began to mobilize, or prepare their
militaries, for war.
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7The Schlieffen Plan
- Info at
- http//www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firs
twwlinks/schlieffen_summary.html
8Pulled into the Fighting
Allied Powers
- Russia, an ally of Serbia
- France, an ally of Russia
- Belgium, brought into the fighting because
Germany marched through it to get to France - Great Britain, an ally of Belgium
Central Powers
- Austria-Hungary
- Germany, an ally of Austria-Hungary
9Main Idea 2European nations suffered massive
casualties in the wars early battles.
- The French army blocked the German advance at the
Marne River, east of Paris, in September 1914. - The First Battle of Marne marked the first major
battle of the war. - French and German forces faced each other along a
long battle line known as the western front. - Russian and German armies struggled back and
forth on the eastern front. - The war became a stalemate a situation in which
neither side can win a decisive victory. - Clear that this war would be longer than expected.
10Technology of War
- Trench warfare, defending a position by fighting
from the protection of deep ditches, helped make
the war long and deadly. - Cold, wet, and muddy
- Disease ran rampant
- New technologies made land warfare even more
deadly - Machine guns
- Poison gases
- Tanks
Land
- Airplanes used in large-scale battle for the
first time - Fired down on soldiers in the trenches
- Gathered information on enemy locations
- Battled each other in the air in dogfights
Air
- Fighting in the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea
- Used Naval blockades and mines to block supply
lines - U-boats, German submarines, launched torpedoes
against Allied supply ships.
Sea
11Americans Prepare for War
- The Big Idea
- After entering World War I in 1917, Americans
began the massive effort of preparing for war. - Main Ideas
- The United States entered the war after repeated
crises with Germany. - The United States mobilized for war by training
troops and stepping up production of supplies. - Labor shortages created new wartime opportunities
for women and other Americans.
12Main Idea 1The United States entered the war
after repeated crises with Germany.
- The United States was initially a neutral
country. - Americans viewed World War I as a European
conflict. - America continued to trade with European nations
during the war. - Carried supplies and war materials to the Allies.
- Germany used U-boats to try and stop supply
lines. - Often attacked ships without warning
- Sometimes shot civilian targets, such as the
British passenger liner, Lusitania
13Congress Declares War
March 1916 a U-boat attacks a French passenger
ship, the Sussex, with several American
passengers on board. German leaders agree not to
attack merchant ships without warning.
February 1917 President Wilson breaks diplomatic
relations with Germany after they again begin
attacks on non-military ships.
March 1917 Zimmermann Note is decoded revealing
German and Mexican plot to ally against the
United States.
April 1917 Congress declared war on Germany.
14Main Idea 2 The United States mobilized for war
by training troops and stepping up production of
supplies.
- Committee on Public Information formed by
President Wilson to help persuade the public to
support the war effort. - Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of
1918 limited freedoms in the United States. - Selective Service Act was enacted in 1917 to
prepare the U.S. military for war. - Required men between ages 21-30 to register for
draft. - Almost 3 million Americans were drafted into
service in World War I. - Liberty bonds were issued by the government to
help finance Allied war efforts. - War Industries Board and Food Administration
worked to supply the troops with materials and
food supplies.
15Main Idea 3Labor shortages created new wartime
opportunities for women and other Americans.
- Factors that led to a labor shortage in the
United States during the war - American factories needed new workers to meet
huge production demands. - The war almost completely closed immigration,
thus cutting-off the main source of labor to
American industry. - Many of the young men who would normally take
factory jobs were serving in the military.
16Womens War Efforts
- Many American women took on new roles to help the
war effort. - 1 million women joined the workforce.
- About 25,000 women volunteered to serve in
non-combat positions in Europe. - Other women protested Americas participation in
the war.
17Labor and the War
- New job opportunities encouraged Mexican
Americans and African Americans to move to
northern industrial cities. - Union membership increased.
- Workers in a better position to demand higher
wages - More than 4 million unionized workers went on
strike during the war. - National War Labor Board was established to help
management and workers reach agreements. - Settled more than 1,000 labor disputes
- Worked to prevent strikes
18Americans in World War I
- The Big Idea
- American troops helped the Allies achieve victory
in World War I. - Main Ideas
- American soldiers started to arrive in Europe in
1917. - The Americans helped the Allies win the war.
- Germany agreed to an armistice after suffering
heavy losses.
19Main Idea 1 American soldiers started to arrive
in Europe in 1917.
- Americans joined the fight in Europe in 1917 as a
force separate from the other Allied units. - U.S. troops were known as the American
Expeditionary Force - Led by General John J. Pershing
- Thoroughly trained for combat before reaching
front lines - Included regular army and National Guard troops,
volunteers, and draftees
20Russia Leaves the War
Revolution in Russia
- November 1917 a group of Russians known as the
Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian government. - Bolsheviks were Communists people who favor the
equal distribution of wealth and the end of all
forms of private property.
New Government
- Led by Vladimir Lenin
- Knew the war had reached a desperate point
- Around 8 million Russians had already been
killed. - Soldiers were deserting.
- Food riots raged in cities.
- March 1918 Russia signed the Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, taking
itself out of World War I.
21Main Idea 2The Americans helped the Allies win
the war.
- With Russia gone, Germany planned to smash the
stalemate. - American soldiers arrived on the front.
- Germans made an advance, but were unprepared for
the fresh, well-trained American forces and were
driven back. - July 1918 German forces launch final offensive
- Attempted to cross the Marne River
- Terrible losses forced them to stop.
- American troops helped force a major turning
point in the war.
22Main Idea 3Germany agreed to an armistice after
suffering heavy losses.
- Allies drove toward victory after the failed
German advance. - More than 1 million U.S. troops in France
- Began winning victories against German forces
- By November 1918, American soldiers were making
rapid advance toward Germany.
23Germany Defeated
- At home and on the battlefield, Germans were
tired of war. - Food shortages
- Riots and strikes
- Shortage of soldiers
- Germanys allies were also eager to end the war.
- Austria-Hungary reached a peace accord with the
Allies on November 3, 1918.
- Seeing his country was beaten, German leader
Kaiser Wilhelm II fled.
- Germany agreed to an armistice, or truce, on
November 11, 1918.
24Establishing Peace
- The Big Idea
- The United States and the victorious Allied
Powers clashed over postwar plans. - Main Ideas
- The costs of war included millions of human lives
as well as financial burdens. - President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders met
to work out a peace agreement. - The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.
25Main Idea 1The costs of war included millions
of human lives as well as financial burdens.
- Casualties
- Allied 5 million soldiers dead
- American 116,000 soldiers dead 200,000 soldiers
wounded - Central Powers 3.5 million soldiers dead
- Russia and Germany had the highest death tolls.
- Financial Losses
- 30 billion in property destroyed
- Factories and farms throughout Europe in ruins
- Allies 145 billion spent
- Central Powers 63 billion spent
- European nations deeply in debt
26Influenza Epidemic
- In 1918, a worldwide epidemic of influenza, or
flu, broke out. - Extremely contagious
- Deadly
- Spread by air
- No known cure
- Spread by American soldiers to civilians and then
to Europe and beyond. - 30 million people died from the virus worldwide.
- 800,000 Americans died
- Changed life in the United States
- In Chicago, the flu more than doubled the death
rate. - Quarantines were implemented in some states.
- Many cities banned public gatherings, including
school classes.
27Main Idea 2 President Woodrow Wilson and
European leaders met to work out a peace
agreement.
- President Woodrow Wilson developed plans for a
postwar peace agreement. - Known as the Fourteen Points
- Called for the creation of League of Nations, an
international assembly of nations. - European leaders disagreed with Wilsons vision.
- Wanted to punish Germany for its role in the war
- Wanted to prevent Germany from ever again
becoming a world power
28Key Goals of the Fourteen Points
- End secret alliances
- Encourage free shipping
- Remove barriers to trade
- Reduce armies and navies
- Resolve colonial claims
- Support the right of people to choose their own
government - Settle border disputes
- Establish the League of Nations
29Paris Peace Conference
American and European leaders met at the Paris
Peace Conference, held at the palace of
Versailles, near Paris
No representatives from Russia or the Central
Powers attended.
- Allied leaders demanded that Germany
- Accept complete blame for the war
- Make reparations, or payments for war damages
- Give up large parts of its territory
Wilson reluctantly agreed to this peace
agreement, the Treaty of Versailles.
30The Treaty of Versailles
- German reparations of 33 billion
- Established the League of Nations
- Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania,
Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia became independent
nations. - Poland was restored as a nation
- Central Powers turned over their colonies to the
League of Nations. - Central Powers nations broken up
31Main Idea 3 The U.S. Senate rejected the
Treaty of Versailles.
- U.S. Constitution states that treaties must be
ratified by at least two-thirds of the Senate. - Wilson presented the treaty to the Senate.
- Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wanted the winners to
set the terms of the peace and demanded changes. - Republicans were worried about the League of
Nations power to use military force. - On November 19, 1919, the Senate voted and the
Treaty of Versailles was defeated. - The United States signed separate peace treaties
with Germany, Austria, and Hungary.
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44Click window above to start playing.
45Chapter Review
- P. 741-742
- Reviewing Vocab, Terms, People
- 1-7
- Comprehension Critical Thinking
- 8 a,b
- 9 a,b
- 10 a,c
- 11 a,b
- 15
- P. 743 Standardized Test Practice 1-6