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Chapter 23

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Title: Chapter 23


1
Chapter 23 World War I
Video
Section Notes
The Impact of Modern Warfare
The Road to War Americans Prepare for
War Americans in World War I Establishing Peace
America in the 20th Century World War I The
War in Europe America Joins the Ranks
(417) http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8L0Wgio6c6k
Supporting the War (934) http//www.youtube.com/
watch?vmXwD7vsn3dg
Fear on the Homefront (519) http//www.youtube.co
m/watch?vM8W5s0hEJo8
History Close-up
Maps
Trench Warfare
World War I, 1914-1918 Europe After World War I
Quick Facts
Key Goals of the Fourteen Points Causes and
Effects of World War I Chapter 23 Visual Summary
Images
An End to Peace Primary Source Sinking of the
Lusitania Red Cross Volunteers Patriotic
Poster World War I U.S. Soldier World War I Deaths
2
Videos
  • America in the 20th Century World War I The
    War in Europe
  • America Joins the Ranks (417)
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8L0Wgio6c6k
  • Supporting the War (934)
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmXwD7vsn3dg
  • - Fear on the Homefront (519)
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vM8W5s0hEJo8

If time Digging Up the Trenches (13001)
http//www.youtube.com
/watch?vQIRoetUSq4E
3
The Road to War
  • The Big Idea
  • In 1914 tensions in Europe exploded into the
    deadliest war the world had ever seen.
  • Main Ideas
  • Many factors contributed to the outbreak of World
    War I.
  • European nations suffered massive casualties in
    the wars early battles.

4
Main Idea 1 Many factors contributed to the
outbreak of World War I.
  • Nationalism
  • Nationalism, a strong sense of pride and loyalty
    to ones nation or culture, created tension
    between nations.
  • Austria-Hungary included people from many
    cultural groups.
  • Slavic nationalists wanted to break away from
    Austria-Hungary and join the independent Slavic
    country of Serbia.
  • Imperialism
  • Nations competed for control of territories both
    in Europe and overseas.
  • Germany took the Alsace-Lorraine region from
    France in 1871, and France wanted it back.
  • Militarism
  • Nations focused resources on militarism, the
    aggressive strengthening of armed forces.
  • Raced to build armies and navies
  • Made alliances to protect themselves

5
The Spark
  • Feelings of fear and distrust grew among European
    powers in the early 1900s.
  • In 1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and
    Herzegovina.
  • Slavic nationalists resisted violently wanted to
    be a part of Serbia
  • June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand of
    Austria-Hungary was assassinated in Sarajevo.
  • Killed by a Serb nationalist, Gavrilo Princip
  • Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
  • Nations began to mobilize, or prepare their
    militaries, for war.

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The Schlieffen Plan
  • Info at
  • http//www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firs
    twwlinks/schlieffen_summary.html

8
Pulled into the Fighting
Allied Powers
  • Russia, an ally of Serbia
  • France, an ally of Russia
  • Belgium, brought into the fighting because
    Germany marched through it to get to France
  • Great Britain, an ally of Belgium

Central Powers
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Germany, an ally of Austria-Hungary

9
Main Idea 2European nations suffered massive
casualties in the wars early battles.
  • The French army blocked the German advance at the
    Marne River, east of Paris, in September 1914.
  • The First Battle of Marne marked the first major
    battle of the war.
  • French and German forces faced each other along a
    long battle line known as the western front.
  • Russian and German armies struggled back and
    forth on the eastern front.
  • The war became a stalemate a situation in which
    neither side can win a decisive victory.
  • Clear that this war would be longer than expected.

10
Technology of War
  • Trench warfare, defending a position by fighting
    from the protection of deep ditches, helped make
    the war long and deadly.
  • Cold, wet, and muddy
  • Disease ran rampant
  • New technologies made land warfare even more
    deadly
  • Machine guns
  • Poison gases
  • Tanks

Land
  • Airplanes used in large-scale battle for the
    first time
  • Fired down on soldiers in the trenches
  • Gathered information on enemy locations
  • Battled each other in the air in dogfights

Air
  • Fighting in the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea
  • Used Naval blockades and mines to block supply
    lines
  • U-boats, German submarines, launched torpedoes
    against Allied supply ships.

Sea
11
Americans Prepare for War
  • The Big Idea
  • After entering World War I in 1917, Americans
    began the massive effort of preparing for war.
  • Main Ideas
  • The United States entered the war after repeated
    crises with Germany.
  • The United States mobilized for war by training
    troops and stepping up production of supplies.
  • Labor shortages created new wartime opportunities
    for women and other Americans.

12
Main Idea 1The United States entered the war
after repeated crises with Germany.
  • The United States was initially a neutral
    country.
  • Americans viewed World War I as a European
    conflict.
  • America continued to trade with European nations
    during the war.
  • Carried supplies and war materials to the Allies.
  • Germany used U-boats to try and stop supply
    lines.
  • Often attacked ships without warning
  • Sometimes shot civilian targets, such as the
    British passenger liner, Lusitania

13
Congress Declares War
March 1916 a U-boat attacks a French passenger
ship, the Sussex, with several American
passengers on board. German leaders agree not to
attack merchant ships without warning.
February 1917 President Wilson breaks diplomatic
relations with Germany after they again begin
attacks on non-military ships.
March 1917 Zimmermann Note is decoded revealing
German and Mexican plot to ally against the
United States.
April 1917 Congress declared war on Germany.
14
Main Idea 2 The United States mobilized for war
by training troops and stepping up production of
supplies.
  • Committee on Public Information formed by
    President Wilson to help persuade the public to
    support the war effort.
  • Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of
    1918 limited freedoms in the United States.
  • Selective Service Act was enacted in 1917 to
    prepare the U.S. military for war.
  • Required men between ages 21-30 to register for
    draft.
  • Almost 3 million Americans were drafted into
    service in World War I.
  • Liberty bonds were issued by the government to
    help finance Allied war efforts.
  • War Industries Board and Food Administration
    worked to supply the troops with materials and
    food supplies.

15
Main Idea 3Labor shortages created new wartime
opportunities for women and other Americans.
  • Factors that led to a labor shortage in the
    United States during the war
  • American factories needed new workers to meet
    huge production demands.
  • The war almost completely closed immigration,
    thus cutting-off the main source of labor to
    American industry.
  • Many of the young men who would normally take
    factory jobs were serving in the military.

16
Womens War Efforts
  • Many American women took on new roles to help the
    war effort.
  • 1 million women joined the workforce.
  • About 25,000 women volunteered to serve in
    non-combat positions in Europe.
  • Other women protested Americas participation in
    the war.

17
Labor and the War
  • New job opportunities encouraged Mexican
    Americans and African Americans to move to
    northern industrial cities.
  • Union membership increased.
  • Workers in a better position to demand higher
    wages
  • More than 4 million unionized workers went on
    strike during the war.
  • National War Labor Board was established to help
    management and workers reach agreements.
  • Settled more than 1,000 labor disputes
  • Worked to prevent strikes

18
Americans in World War I
  • The Big Idea
  • American troops helped the Allies achieve victory
    in World War I.
  • Main Ideas
  • American soldiers started to arrive in Europe in
    1917.
  • The Americans helped the Allies win the war.
  • Germany agreed to an armistice after suffering
    heavy losses.

19
Main Idea 1 American soldiers started to arrive
in Europe in 1917.
  • Americans joined the fight in Europe in 1917 as a
    force separate from the other Allied units.
  • U.S. troops were known as the American
    Expeditionary Force
  • Led by General John J. Pershing
  • Thoroughly trained for combat before reaching
    front lines
  • Included regular army and National Guard troops,
    volunteers, and draftees

20
Russia Leaves the War
Revolution in Russia
  • November 1917 a group of Russians known as the
    Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian government.
  • Bolsheviks were Communists people who favor the
    equal distribution of wealth and the end of all
    forms of private property.

New Government
  • Led by Vladimir Lenin
  • Knew the war had reached a desperate point
  • Around 8 million Russians had already been
    killed.
  • Soldiers were deserting.
  • Food riots raged in cities.
  • March 1918 Russia signed the Treaty of
    Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, taking
    itself out of World War I.

21
Main Idea 2The Americans helped the Allies win
the war.
  • With Russia gone, Germany planned to smash the
    stalemate.
  • American soldiers arrived on the front.
  • Germans made an advance, but were unprepared for
    the fresh, well-trained American forces and were
    driven back.
  • July 1918 German forces launch final offensive
  • Attempted to cross the Marne River
  • Terrible losses forced them to stop.
  • American troops helped force a major turning
    point in the war.

22
Main Idea 3Germany agreed to an armistice after
suffering heavy losses.
  • Allies drove toward victory after the failed
    German advance.
  • More than 1 million U.S. troops in France
  • Began winning victories against German forces
  • By November 1918, American soldiers were making
    rapid advance toward Germany.

23
Germany Defeated
  • At home and on the battlefield, Germans were
    tired of war.
  • Food shortages
  • Riots and strikes
  • Shortage of soldiers
  • Germanys allies were also eager to end the war.
  • Austria-Hungary reached a peace accord with the
    Allies on November 3, 1918.
  • Seeing his country was beaten, German leader
    Kaiser Wilhelm II fled.
  • Germany agreed to an armistice, or truce, on
    November 11, 1918.

24
Establishing Peace
  • The Big Idea
  • The United States and the victorious Allied
    Powers clashed over postwar plans.
  • Main Ideas
  • The costs of war included millions of human lives
    as well as financial burdens.
  • President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders met
    to work out a peace agreement.
  • The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.

25
Main Idea 1The costs of war included millions
of human lives as well as financial burdens.
  • Casualties
  • Allied 5 million soldiers dead
  • American 116,000 soldiers dead 200,000 soldiers
    wounded
  • Central Powers 3.5 million soldiers dead
  • Russia and Germany had the highest death tolls.
  • Financial Losses
  • 30 billion in property destroyed
  • Factories and farms throughout Europe in ruins
  • Allies 145 billion spent
  • Central Powers 63 billion spent
  • European nations deeply in debt

26
Influenza Epidemic
  • In 1918, a worldwide epidemic of influenza, or
    flu, broke out.
  • Extremely contagious
  • Deadly
  • Spread by air
  • No known cure
  • Spread by American soldiers to civilians and then
    to Europe and beyond.
  • 30 million people died from the virus worldwide.
  • 800,000 Americans died
  • Changed life in the United States
  • In Chicago, the flu more than doubled the death
    rate.
  • Quarantines were implemented in some states.
  • Many cities banned public gatherings, including
    school classes.

27
Main Idea 2 President Woodrow Wilson and
European leaders met to work out a peace
agreement.
  • President Woodrow Wilson developed plans for a
    postwar peace agreement.
  • Known as the Fourteen Points
  • Called for the creation of League of Nations, an
    international assembly of nations.
  • European leaders disagreed with Wilsons vision.
  • Wanted to punish Germany for its role in the war
  • Wanted to prevent Germany from ever again
    becoming a world power

28
Key Goals of the Fourteen Points
  • End secret alliances
  • Encourage free shipping
  • Remove barriers to trade
  • Reduce armies and navies
  • Resolve colonial claims
  • Support the right of people to choose their own
    government
  • Settle border disputes
  • Establish the League of Nations

29
Paris Peace Conference
American and European leaders met at the Paris
Peace Conference, held at the palace of
Versailles, near Paris
No representatives from Russia or the Central
Powers attended.
  • Allied leaders demanded that Germany
  • Accept complete blame for the war
  • Make reparations, or payments for war damages
  • Give up large parts of its territory

Wilson reluctantly agreed to this peace
agreement, the Treaty of Versailles.
30
The Treaty of Versailles
  • German reparations of 33 billion
  • Established the League of Nations
  • Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania,
    Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia became independent
    nations.
  • Poland was restored as a nation
  • Central Powers turned over their colonies to the
    League of Nations.
  • Central Powers nations broken up

31
Main Idea 3 The U.S. Senate rejected the
Treaty of Versailles.
  • U.S. Constitution states that treaties must be
    ratified by at least two-thirds of the Senate.
  • Wilson presented the treaty to the Senate.
  • Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wanted the winners to
    set the terms of the peace and demanded changes.
  • Republicans were worried about the League of
    Nations power to use military force.
  • On November 19, 1919, the Senate voted and the
    Treaty of Versailles was defeated.
  • The United States signed separate peace treaties
    with Germany, Austria, and Hungary.

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Chapter Review
  • P. 741-742
  • Reviewing Vocab, Terms, People
  • 1-7
  • Comprehension Critical Thinking
  • 8 a,b
  • 9 a,b
  • 10 a,c
  • 11 a,b
  • 15
  • P. 743 Standardized Test Practice 1-6
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