Chapter 10, Section 3 War Approaching

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Chapter 10, Section 3War Approaching
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Danger on the High Seas

• The North African state of Algiers was part of
  the Barbary States.
• These countries practiced piracy and held foreign
  citizens captive for ransom.

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• Many nations, including the United States, agreed
  to make payments to the Barbary States to protect
  their ships and citizens.
• However, US officials eventually refused to pay
  any more and sent the US Navy to end the pirate
  raids.

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1803- Increase in threats to US ships when Great
Britain and France went to war-again!

• Each country wanted to stop the US from supplying
  goods and war materials to the other.

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Great Britain and France both pass laws stating
that they could search and seize ships carrying
supplies to the other.

• Many Americans ignored the laws resulting in many
  the British and French capturing many American
  merchant ships headed for Europe.

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British believed run-a ways from the British navy
were hiding on American ships. Begin practice
of impressmentor forcing people to serve in the
army/navy.
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Americans react to Great Britains violations of
US Neutrality Some Americans wanted war while
others favored an EMBARGO- the banning of trade
against Britain
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Jefferson and The Republicans pass The Embargo
Act (1807)

• It banned US trade with foreign countries. They
  hoped to punish the British and French, but the
  main effect was that it hurt American merchants.
• Resulted in a decrease in popularity of Jefferson
  and the Republicans and an increase in support
  for the Federalists.

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Congress replaces it with theNon-Intercourse Act

• Banned trade only with Great Britain and France.
  Stated that the US would start trading with the
  first side that stopped violating US neutrality.

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The Rise of Tecumseh

• Americans were continuing to settle in the
  Northwest Territory.
• Britain wanted to stop American expansion and
  protect its interests in Canada.
• Britain gave military aid to American Indian
  nations in the Northwest Territory.
• Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief, hoped to unite the
  American Indians against the American settlers.

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War on the Frontier

• William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana
  Territory, believed Tecumseh was a serious threat
  to American power.
• Tecumseh ignored his warnings not to resist the
  power of the United States.
• Tecumseh traveled south to ask the Creek nation
  to join his forces.

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Battle of Tippecanoe

• While Tecumseh was gone, Harrison led the
  American army close to the village of Tecumsehs
  followers.
• The Indians attacked, but Harrison was able to
  force American Indian forces into retreat.
• As a result, Tecumseh lost much of his support
  among Native Americans.

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The War Debate

• Many Americans believe that Tecumseh had been
  encouraged by the British
• The WAR HAWKS, members of Congress who favored
  war, saw war as the only answer to Britains
  insults.
• New England Federalists opposed war.

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President James Madison -Republican

• Feels growing pressure from the War Hawks the
  trade war.
• June 1, 1812 calls upon Congress to declare war
  against Great Britain
• Marked the first time in US history that the US
  had declared war.
• The War of 1812 had begun.