Cycles in Nature

1
Cycles in Nature

• Chapter 2
• Section 1
• The Cycles of Matter

2
The Cycles of Matter

• 1. What is matter?
• Anything that takes up space and has mass
• Used over and over again
• 2. How old is the matter in your body?
• It has been on Earth since it was formed billions
  of years ago

3
Water Cycle

• Movement of water among oceans, atmosphere,
  land, and living things

4
Water Cycle

• 1. Precipitation
• Happens when water moves from the atmosphere to
  land and oceans

Rain, snow, sleet , and hail
5
Water Cycle

• 2. Evaporation
• The suns heat causes water to change from liquid
  to vapor

6
Water Cycle

• 3. Condensation
• When water vapor cools it forms a liquid that can
  fall back to Earth as precipitation

7
Water Cycle

• 4. Ground Water
• A. Water that is found underground and stored in
  caverns or porous rock
• B. May stay in the ground for hundreds or
  thousands of years
• C. Provides water to soil, streams, rivers, and
  oceans

8
Water Cycle

• 5. Transpiration
• A. Plants move water vapor into the atmosphere
• B. Plants do this by releasing water vapor
  through tiny openings in their leaves

9
Water and Life

• A. Our body is made up of 70 water
• B. Water carries waste away from our body tissues
• C. Water helps regulate body temperature through
  perspiration sweating and evaporation
• This way of returning water to the environment is
  called- transpiration

10
Bell Work

• Draw the water cycle in your science notebook or
  science binder
• Include in your drawing pictures and explanations
  for the process
• Your drawing should include
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Transpiration
• Groundwater
• Sun
• Tree
• Clouds

11
Bell Work

• What process in the water cycle changes water
  from a liquid to water vapor (gas)?
• What process in the water cycle changes water
  from a gas to a liquid?

12
Carbon

• What is GOOD about Carbon?

• What is BAD about Carbon?

13
Carbon Cycle

• Carbon
• All living things need carbon because it is part
  of all biological molecules (fats, sugars,
  proteins)
• Carbon Cycle
• Movement of carbon from the environment into
  living things and back to the environment

14
Carbon Cycle

• 1. Photosynthesis
• A. How carbon cycles from the environment into
  living things
• B. Plants use CO2 from the air to make sugars (or
  their own food)
• C. Animals get carbon they need from eating plants

15
Carbon Cycle

• 2. Cellular Respiration
• A. How carbon returns to the environment from
  living things
• B. Living things break down sugar molecules to
  release energy
• C. During this process, CO2 and water are
  released

16
Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Equations

• Photosynthesis
• (process of changing light energy into chemical
  energy)
• SunlightCO2water (produces?) glucoseO2
• Cellular Respiration
• (process when cells break down food to get
  energy)
• GlucoseO2 (produces?) EnergyCO2water

17
Bell Work

• Name the process in the carbon cycle where carbon
  is moved from the environment into living things?
• Hint (What process uses carbon dioxide (CO2)?

18
Carbon Cycle

• 3. Decomposition
• A. Break down of dead material into CO2 and H2O
• B. When fungi and bacteria decompose organic
  matter, they return CO2 to the environment

19
Carbon Cycle

• 4. Combustion
• A. Process of burning fossil fuels
• B. Fossil fuels-materials that are slowly formed
  underground from the remains of plants and
  animals that died million of years ago

20
Carbon Cycle (combustion cont.)

• C. Carbon in coal, oil, and natural gas return to
  atmosphere as CO2 when these fossil fuels are
  burned
• D. Combustion provides the fuel people need to
  drive cars, heat homes, and make electricity
• E. Deforestation-removal of forests

21
Carbon Cycle Practice Quiz

• Demo/Quiz

22
How has Carbon Dioxide levels changed in the
atmosphere?

• A. CO2 in the atmosphere has increased since the
  burning of more fossil fuels
• B. Many scientists believe that extra CO2 from
  fossil fuels is adding to global warming

23
Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
24
Carbon Cycle

• Draw the carbon cycle in your science notebook or
  science binder
• Include in your drawing pictures and explanations
  for the process
• Your drawing should include
• Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
• Decomposition Combustion
• Tree or plants Animals
• Fossil fuels Use of fossil fuels
• Deforestation

25
Quiz Review

• 1. Where does most of Earths precipitation
  fall?
• 2. What is the process where sunlight, carbon
  dioxide (CO2), and water is used to make glucose?
• 3. What is the process where glucose is broken
  down for energy and carbon dioxide is released?

26
Quiz Review

• 4. What are fossil fuels? Name 3 examples.
• 5. Name 3 ways carbon dioxide is transferred from
  living things into the environment?
• 6. What is the water cycle process where liquid
  water returns to the atmosphere?

27
Quiz Review

• 7. What is the process called when water vapor
  cools? And what is formed?
• 8. What is deforestation?
• 9. What is released during decomposition?
• 10. Where is carbon found?

28
Nitrogen Cycle

• The movement of nitrogen from the environment to
  living things and back again

29
Nitrogen Cycle

• A. 78 of the Earths atmosphere is nitrogen gas
  (N2)
• B. Most organisms can not use the nitrogen in the
  air they breathe
• C. Living things need nitrogen to make proteins
• How do living things get nitrogen?
• A.Nitrogen fixation-when bacteria in the soil
  change nitrogen gas into a formed that can be
  used by plants
• B. Most animals get their nitrogen they need from
  eating plants

30
Nitrogen Cycle

• D. Animal wastes return nitrogen back to the soil
  and plants use this nitrogen
• E. When plant or animals die, decomposers break
  down the remains and nitrogen recycles back into
  the soil

31
Nitrogen Cycle

• How does nitrogen get from the soil back into the
  atmosphere?
• Denitrification-to take nitrogen out of the soil
  and change it to nitrogen gas that is released
  into the atmosphere
• Denitrifying bacteria produce nitrogen gas as a
  waste that is released in the atmosphere and
  completes the cycle

32
Fungi

• How is this fungi important to the carbon cycle?

33
Manure (animal waste)

• Why is this farmer spreading manure on the field?
• Explain the importance of this procedure in the
  nitrogen cycle?

34
Bell Work

• 1. Why do we need nitrogen?
• 2. What is the process when bacteria change
  nitrogen into a usable form that can be used by
  plants?
• 3. What is the process when bacteria take
  nitrogen out of the soil and change it to a gas
  that is released in the atmosphere?

35
Ammonia NH3
36
Question 21
37
Review (pages 42-43 in text book)

• Answer
• 1-3, 6-7, 9-12
• 14
• 19
• 24-25