Title: ?????????,????CC?????
1???????????
?9??????
- ?????????,????CC??????????????????2.5?????
2?????? ??
- ?????????
- ?????????
- ??????(???)
Flickr See1,Do1,Teach1
3????
- ??????
- ???????????????
- ????????(bycatch)
- ?????????????????
4?????????
- ?(??)???
- ????(????)
- ????(??)
- ????(????)
5?????????(??????)
- ??
- ?????????
- ????????
- ????
- ????
6???????????
- ????????????(?????)
- ??????????????????
- ???????????
- ?????????????????
- ??????,??????????
- ???????????,?????????
7???????????
- ?????????,????????????????,???????????????????????
???,?????
8????????? MMPA
- ???????????MMPA(Marine Mammal Protection Act)
- ???1972
- ???1994
- ????????
- ??????
- ????????
- MMPA
- http//www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/laws/mmpa.pdf
9??? gillnet fishery
- ?????????,???????,?????????????
10???????????
- ??????????(?????? IUCN 2003)
- ????????????????(Read et al., 2006)
- ?????????(WWF)?????????,????????????????????
- ???????????????????
11????????
- 19992001??????????????????????
- ?????????
- 6071???????
- ????????4.4?
- ????????????
12???????????
- ????????????
- ????????????????????
- ???????????????
- ?????????????????
13????????
- ???? vs. ????,???????
- ?????????!
- ??????
- ??????
141999-2001 ????????
- ????
- ????????
- ?????????
- ????1999-2001
- ??
- ?????????????? ( Longline, gillnet, torchlight,
harpoon)
15??????????????
- ????
- ??? ??? ???
- 60 25 0
- ????
- ??? ??? ??
- 71 55 0
- ???????????????????
16????????
????Frasers d.
???? Spinner dolphin
????? Pantropical spotted d.
???? Bottlenose d.
???? Rissos d.
?????????????????????????,???????????????,???????
?,????????????
17??????
18?????????
- 1999-2000 ???????
- ?????????4.4 ?/??
- ???Fishing effort ? (?? ??)
- ??????571
- ?????50 boats
- ??? 310?x 4.4 1366?/?
- ?????????
- 1366 x 2 2700?/?
19- ???????
- ???????????????,??????????(??)?
20PBR ???????? (Potential Biological Removal) Nmin
x 1/2Rmax x Fr
Nmin ?????minimum population estimate Rmax
?????maximum net productivity rate (0.04) Fr
????recovery factor (0.0 1.0) ?????? lt2 ?????
21????????
- ????????? ???
- ????????????????
- ????(????19951998),825?(?????,??????? 1996)?
- ?PBR 17
- ???? (??1997-2000),????? 10,000 ? (??????)?
- ?PBR 200
22???????????
- 2001???????gtPBR
- ????57 ????gt 17 ? (PBR)
- ????2,045 ??????gtgt 200 ?(PBR)
- ??????????,????
- ?????? ?
23?????????????????? (????2003)
- ????
- ??????????????????
- ??????????????
24??????????
25???? ?????
- ????73?
- ???22?,?????7?
- ??????? 30
- ??????? 32
- ??????????
- 30 X 32 9.6 ( 7/73 )
26???????
- ??????(n22)
- ?????
- ????
- ????
- ???
- ??????
- ????(n2)
- ??(n5)
27???? ????
- ????
- ????7,327643?(n29)
- ??????7,9011581?(n13)
- ??????3,137419?(n6)
28????
- ????????????
- 2001-2005??????400600?
- 2000???1013?
- ?2003?6?18-19?????,????74?,??6???,????8,???180??
- ????????
- ??????
29??
- ??????????9.6,???????(gt 50)?
- ???????????
- ?????????????,?????????,??????
- ??????????????????
30Bycatch ?????
- ????????98?????????????98????????,???????????,????
??????????(swordfish)??,??????(longline)????(drif
t gill net)?????,????????????????,????????????????
??????,????????????????(MMPA),??????????
31??????????
32????
?? ???? ??/??
?????????????????????????,???????????????,????????,????????????
?????????????????????????,???????????????,????????,????????????
?????????????????????????,???????????????,????????,????????????
?????????????????????????,???????????????,????????,????????????
?????????????????????????,???????????????,????????,????????????
See1,Do1,Teach1 http//www.flickr.com/photos/mpaulmd/2365634322/
33????
?? ???? ??/??
NOAA ???????http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileEntangled_porpoise.jpg
Whales, dolphins porpoises2nd ed. By Mark Carwardine 1999. Facts on File Publ. New York.
34????
- ????????????????????,????????
- ?????????????? http//ecology.lifescience.ntu.edu
.tw/index.htm - ?????????02-3366-2468
35E N D !