?????S ??G?S??S

1
?????S ??G?S??S
??S??S ???????O?

• ?et???e??????? ?a???s??
• Sp???p????? Sta????

2
S????S ??G?S??S

• S??p?? t?? e??as?a? a?t?? e??a? ? e?sa???? st??
  ??se?? ?ed?µ????.
• Ta pa???s?ast??? ?? ßas???? ?????e?, ??
  s???st?se? ?a? ?? ?e?t?????e? t?? ??se??
  ?ed?µ???? ?a??? ?a? pa?ade??µata.

3

• ??S?GOG?

4
?? ????? ??? S??? (DBMS)

• ?ta? ? p????f???a e??a? p????, t? ??st??
  d?a?e???s?? µp??e? ?a ?pe?ßa??e? ta ?f???.
• ??s? ?ed?µ???? µ?a µe???? s?????? ded?µ????,
  µ??te??p??e? µ?a ep??e???s? t?? p?a?µat????
  ??sµ??.
• ??t?t?te? (p?. F??t?t??, ?a??µata)
• S?s?et?se?? (p?. ? G?????? pa?a??????e? t? ?18)
• S?st?µa ??a?e???s?? ??se?? ?ed?µ???? ??a pa??t?
  ????sµ???? s?ed?asµ??? ?a ap????e?e? ?a? ?a
  d?a?e????eta? ??se?? ?ed?µ????.
• ???t? S??? ?e????? ???s?? a???? 1960
• ?e???? eµp????? ep?t???a ??t?te.

5
?S?????? ????????

• ???t? Ge??? (1950)
• Se???a?? epe?e??as?a
• ?a???e? ?a? ???te?
• Se???a?? epe?e??as?a
• ?e?te?? ?e??? (1960)
• ??s???, s?st?µata a??e???
• G??sse? p????aµµat?sµ?? µe ??a??t?ta ?e???sµ??
  ded?µ???? (COBOL)
• ?p????e?s? ded?µ???? se ???e?a
• ?e????? p??te? efa?µ????

6
(No Transcript)
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?S?????? ????????

• ???t? ?e??? (1970)
• ?????? ?a? t?s? d?µ??????a? p??t?p??
• ?p????e?s? ded?µ???? µa?? µe t?? ???sµ? t???
• ??e? d??at?t?te? p??sp??as?? ded?µ???? se ???sse?
  ?p?? ? COBOL
• ???t?a?? ?a? ?e?a????? µ??t??? ded?µ????
• ???sµ?? t?? S?es?a??? µ??t???? ded?µ????
• ??a?????s? t?? a?????? ??a µ??te??p???s?
  ded?µ????
• ?a p??ta s?es?a?? s?st?µata DBMS

8
(No Transcript)
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?S?????? ????????

• ??ta?t? ?e??? (1980, 1990)
• S??S???? S?S?????? ??S?O? ???????O? (Relational
  Database Systems)
• ?s????? ???sse? epe?e??as?a? ded?µ????
• ????te?t?????? p????? ep?p?d??
• ??s?µ?t?s? t?? DBMS se µe???a s?st?µata ?a?
  a??de??? t?? ????? t???
• (p? d?a?e???s? d?s???????)
• G????s? t?? SQL (Structured Query Language)
• Te???t??? ?eµe???s? t?? ??

10
?S?????? ????????

• ??µpt? ?e??? (1990, 2000)
• ??e? µ??f?? ded?µ???? (multimedia) se ??
• S???ete? ??t?t?te? (software objects)
• ?ata?eµ?µ??e? a???te?t?????? (pe??te?,
  e??p??et?t??)
• ?s???? DBMS se p??s?p????? ?p?????st??
• S??des? ?? ?a? Internet ??a p????? efa?µ????
• ??????? ???s?? ap? ?? (data mining)
• ???de??? se a?t?te??? a?t??e?µe?? (data
  warehousing)

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G?????

• ? d?µ??????a ?a? ? d?a?e???s? e????f?? µp??e? ?a
  p?a?µat?p????e? µe ???s? a??e??? ?a? p??????.

12
G???? ??? ??????

• ?µ?? µ?a ß?s? ded?µ???? ?pe???e? t?? ???s?
  a??e??? ?a? p?????? st? ?t?
• pa???e? t? d??at?t?ta ap????e?s?? ?a? d?a?e???s??
  p??????? e?d?? ded?µ????,
• t? d??at?t?ta ???s?? t?? ap????e?µ????
  p????f????? ap? p???ap???? ???ste?
• ?a??? ep?s?? ?a? t? d??at?t?ta ???s?? ??p????
  e?e?d??e?µ???? t??p?? a??pt???? t?? ß?s?
  ded?µ????.

13
????????????? ???S?S S???

• ??e?a?t?s?a ded?µ????
• ?? ?ept?µ??e?e? ??????s?? de? ep??e????? t??
  efa?µ????.
• G?????? p??sßas? st?? p????f???a
• ?at?????? ap????e?s?, ße?t?st?p???s?
• ??e???? p??sßas??, pe?????sµ?? ????t?ta?
• ?a?t?????? p??sßas?, a???aµ??
• ???e ???st?? ??µ??e? ?t? e??a? ? µ????
• ?e?t???? d?a?e???s? t?? p????f???a?
• G??????te?? ?a? asfa??ste?? a??pt??? efa?µ????

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??S???S ??????S

• ?ed?? (field) ??a ß?s? ded?µ???? ap?te?e?ta? ap?
  µ?a se??? st???e??? µe p?? ßas??? st???e?? t?
  ped??.
• ?? ped?? a?t?st???e? se ??a ded?µ??? ?a? e??a? t?
  s?stat??? st???e?? µ?a? e???af?? (record).
• ?a?ade??µata ped??? e??a? ??a ???µa pe??t?, µ?a
  d?e????s?, µ?a t?µ?, ??a? a???µ?? t??ef????.

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??S???S ??????S

• ????af? (record) ??a e??t?ta ap? s?s?et???µe?a
  ded?µ??a ta ?p??a epe?e??????ta? sa? µ?a ???t?ta
  e??a? µ?a e???af?.
• ?e ???a ????a ? e???af? e??a? µ?a s?????? ap?
  ped?a.
• ?a?ade??µata e???af?? e??a? ??a s?????
  p????f????? ?? ?p??e? a?af????ta? se ??a? pe??t?
  ?p?? ???µa, d?e????s?, a???µ? f??????????
  µ?t????.

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??S???S ??????S

• ???a?a? (table) ??a e??t?ta ap? s?s?et???µe?e?
  e???af?? ?? ?p??e? ????? t?? ?d?? a???µ? ped???
  ap?te???? ??a? p??a?a.
• ? p??a?a? e??a? µ?a ?????? d?µ?.
• G?a pa??de??µa, ??a? p??a?a? pe?at?? ?a
  pe???aµß??e? ???e e???af? pe??t? ? ?p??a ??e? ta
  ?d?a ped?a.
• St?? p??a?a ?? e???af?? a?t?st?????? st?? ??aµµ??
  (rows)?a? ta ped?a st?? st??e? t?? p??a?a
  (coloums).
• ?? p??a?e? µp????? ?a s?s?et????ta? µeta?? t???
  µ?s? t?? ped??? ta ?p??a pe??????? t?? ?d?a
  p????f???a.

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??S???S ??????S

• S?es?a?? ??s? ?ed?µ???? (relational data base)
  ??a s????? s?s?et???µe??? p?????? ap?te???? µ?a
  s?es?a?? ß?s? ded?µ???? ? ?p??a ap?te?e? ?a? t??
  p?? s????? t??p? d?µ??????a? ß?se?? ded?µ????
  s?µe?a.

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??S???S ??????S

• ???et???a ??a??t?s?? (indexes) ? a???t?s? t??
  e???af?? µe ß?s? ??p??e? s?????e? µp??e? ?a
  p?a?µat?p????e? µe ta e??et???a a?a??t?s??. ?a
  e??et???a a?t? ep?t??p??? t? ??????? a???t?s? ?a?
  ta????µ?s? t?? e???af?? µe ??p??e? s?????e?.
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a ped?a ta ?p??a de? e??a? t?
  p??te??? ??e?d? e??? p??a?a ?a? ??a ta ?p??a ?a
  apa?t??e? ? e??es? st???e??? ?at? t? ???s? t??
  ß?s??.

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??S???S ??????S

• ???te??? ??e?d? (primary key) ???e e???af? se
  µ?a s?es?a?? ß?s? ded?µ???? p??pe? ?a e??a?
  e?at?µ??e?µ???. ??t? ep?t?????eta? µe t??
  ?a????sµ? e??? ped??? t?? e???af?? sa?
  p??te???t?? ??e?d???. ?? e???af?? ap????e???ta?
  µe ß?s? t? p??te??? ??e?d?. ?a??de??µa
  p??te???t?? ??e?d??? e???af?? pe?at?? e??a? ?
  a???µ?? f?????????? µ?t????, ? a???µ?? t??ef????
  ? ??a? a???µ?? pe??t?. ?? p??te??? ??e?d? e??a?
  µ??ad???? a???µ?? a?a?????s?? t?? ???e e???af??
  e??? p??a?a ?a? de? e??a? d??at? ? ?pa??? d??
  e???af?? µe t? ?d?? ??e?d?.

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??S???S ??????S

• ?e?te?e??? ??e?d? (foreign key) ?e?te?e???ta
  ??e?d?? e??a? ????? ped?a µeta?? t?? e???af?? t??
  p?????? µ?a? ß?s?? ded?µ???? ta ?p??a µp????µe ?a
  ???s?µ?p???s??µe p???e?µ???? ?a ?????µe a?a??t?s?
  p????f????? st??? p??a?e? a?t???. ?? de?te?e???
  ??e?d? e??a? ped?? e??? p??a?a t? ?p???
  p??sd?????e? e???af?? e??? ????? p??a?a st??
  pa???ta p??a?a.

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??S???S ??????S

• ???t?µata (queries) ? a?a??t?s? e???af?? se µ?a
  ß?s? ded?µ???? ???eta? µe e??t?µata.
• St? Visual Basic ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ? ???ssa
  Structured Query Language (SQL) p???e?µ???? ?a
  ???e? a?a??t?s? e???af?? se µ?a ß?s? ded?µ????.
• ?ta? ep???µ??µe a?a??t?s? e???af?? µ??? se ??a?
  p??a?a ?Visual Basic pa???e? e??a?e?a a?a??t?s??
  ????? ?a e??a? a?a??a?a ? ???s? t?? SQL.

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???????G?? ??S?S ???????O?

• ?? ?p???s??µe ?t? ????µe µ?a ß?s? ded?µ????
  pe?at?? ? ?p??a pe????e? t?e?? p??a?e?.
• ? p??t?? p??a?a? pe????e? p????f???e? pe?at?? ?a?
  ???µ??eta? CustList.
• ? de?te??? p??a?a? pe????e? p????f???e? p?????t??
  ?a? ???µ??eta? ProductsList ?a?
• ? t??t?? p??a?a? pe????e? p????f???e? pa?a??e????
  ?a? ???µ??eta? OrdersList.

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• ??????S CustList
• ??????S
  ProductsList
• 
  ??????S OrdersList

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???????G?? ??S?S ???????O?

• ? p??a?a? CustList pe????e? e???af?? µe
  p????f???e? pe?at?? µ?a? ep??e???s??, ?p??
• a???µ? pe??t?,
• ???µa pe??t?,
• t???f???,
• d?e????s?,
• p??? ?a?
• ?F?.
• ? ???e e???af? t?? p??a?a pe????e? ta ped?a
• Customer_No,
• Customer_Name,
• Phone_Number,
• Address,
• City ?a?
• AFM.

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??????S CustList

• ped?a

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???????G?? ??S?S ???????O?

• ? de?te??? p??a?a? , ? p??a?a? ProductsList,
  pe????e? ta ped?a
• Product_No,
• Product_Name,
• Price ?a?
• Quantity_Stock.

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???????G?? ??S?S ???????O?

• ? t??t?? p??a?a? , ? p??a?a? OrdersList, pe????e?
  ta ped?a
• Order_No,
• Product_No,
• Customer_No,
• Date_Required ?a?
• Quantity_Ordered.

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• ??????S
• ?????

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???????G?? ??S?S ???????O?

• ?? ped?? Customer_No e??a? t? p??te??? ??e?d? ??a
  t?? p??a?a CustList, d??t? ???e e???af? pe??t?
  e?at?µ??e?eta? ap? t?? a???µ? t?? pe??t?.
• ?p?s?? t? ped?? Product_No e??a? t? p??te???
  ??e?d? ??a t?? p??a?a ProductsList ??a t?? ?d??
  ????.

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???????G?? ??S?S ???????O?

• St?? p??a?a OrdersList ta ped?a Customer_No
  ?a? Product_No
• e??a? t? de?te?e??? ??e?d? d??t? p??sd????????
  e???af?? ????? p?????? st?? p??a?a a?t??.

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• p??te???ta ??e?d??
• de?te?e???ta
  ??e?d??

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S??S??S S? ??? ??S? ???????O?

• ??t?? ap? t?? ?a????sµ? t?? p??????, t??
  e???af??, t?? ped???, t?? p??te???t?? ?a? t??
  de?te?e???t?? ??e?d??? ?a? t?? e??et?????, ??a t?
  d?µ??????a µ?a? s?es?a??? ß?s?? ded?µ????
  µp????µe ep?s?? ?a ?a????s??µe t?? s??se??
  (relationships) µeta?? t?? p??????.
• ?? s??se?? a?t?? pe???aµß????? t?? d?µ?? ??a
  p??? ??a (one-to-one), ??a p??? p????
  (one-to-many) ?a? p???? p??? p???? (many-to-many)

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S??S??S S? ??? ??S? ???????O?

• ??a pa??de??µa s??se?? ??a p??? p???? e??a? ?
  s??s? µeta?? pe??t? ?a? pa?a??e????. G?a ???e
  pe??t? a?t?st?????? pe??ss?te?e? ap? µ?a
  pa?a??e??e?. ?p?s?? ???e p????? a?t?st???e? se
  pe??ss?te?e? ap? µ?a pa?a??e??e?.

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• ???????G?? ??S?S ???????O?

35
???????G?? ??S?S ???????O?

• ??a ß?s? ded?µ???? s?????? e??a? ?d?
  d?µ??????µ??? µe ??p??? e??a?e?? d?µ??????a?
  ß?se?? ded?µ???? ?a? ? Visual Basic
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ??a t? d?µ??????a t??
  pe??ß?????t?? ep????????a? t?? efa?µ????.
• ???a?e?a d?µ??????a? ß?se?? ded?µ???? ?? ?p??e?
  µp????? ?a d?aßast??? ap? t? Visual Basic e??a?
  ta a??????a Microsoft Access, dBase, Excel,
  FoxPro, Paradox, ?a??? ?a? SQL Server.

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???????G?? ??S?S ???????O?

• ?a e??a?e?a d?µ??????a? ß?se?? ded?µ????
  d?a??t??? ?d??t?te? ?a? µe??d??? ?? ?p??e?
  ep?t??p???
• t?? e?sa????,
• t?? p??s?es?,
• t?? d?????s?,
• t?? d?a??af? ?a?
• t?? e?t?p?sµ? t?? e???af??-ded?µ???? t??.

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• SQL (Structured Query Language)

38
??S?G?G?

• SQL (Structured Query Language) e??a? ?
  t?p?p???µ??? standard ???ssa st?? S?es?a???
  ??se??. ? p??t? ???s? ?ta? st? p??t?p? s?st?µa
  t?? IBM, p?? ???µ?st??e SYSTEM-R, t? ?p???
  a?ept???? sta e?e???t??? e??ast???a t?? eta??e?a?
  (San Jose, California) sta µ?sa t?? de?aet?a? t?
  1970. ? SQL ??e? ?p?ste? p????? t??p?p???se??.

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• ?p?????? 4 ßas???? e?t???? st?? SQL
• ????t?s?
• SELECT
• FROM Departments
• WHERE budget gt 1000000
• ??sa?????
• INSERT INTO
• Employees(ssn,name)
• VALUES (83542, Aris)
• ???µe??se??
• UPDATE Departments
• SET budget 2000000
• WHERE did 12345
• ??a??af??
• DELETE
• FROM Employees
• WHERE name Aris

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??????S? ?? ???S? ??S SQL

• ??a? t??p?? a?a??t?s?? e???af?? se µ?a ß?s?
  ded?µ???? e??a? ? s????af? e??t?µ?t?? µe ???s?
  t?? ???ssa? SQL (structured Query Language).
• ? ???ssa a?t? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ??a t? d?µ??????a
  p??????, t?? p??sd????sµ? s??se?? µeta?? p??????,
  ?a??? ep?s?? ?a? ??a t? d?a?e???s? ded?µ???? se
  p??a?e?.

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??????S? ?? ???S? ??S SQL

• ?a e??t?µata a??????? µe t?? e?t??? SELECT, ?
  ?p??a ep?t??pe? t?? ep????? e???af?? ap? µ?a ß?s?
  ded?µ???? p?? e?p???????? ??p??? ???t????. ?
  ?e????? t?p?? e??? e??t?µat?? SQL e??a?
• SELECT ped?a e???af??
• FROM ???µa p??a?a
• WHERE ???t???a

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??????S? ?? ???S? ??S SQL

• G?a pa??de??µa
• SELECT Customer_Name
• FROM CustList
• WHERE Customer_No gt 100
• H ???s? t?? SQL ??a d?µ??????a e??t?µ?t?? e??a?
  ?d?a?te?a ???s?µ? µ???d?? ??a t?? a?a??t?s?
  e???af?? se p?????? p??a?e?.

43

• ?F????G?S (DBMS)

44
?fa?µ???? ??a?e???s?? ?a? ??????s??

• ??ape????? ???a??asµ??
• ?ta????? s?st?µata d?a?e???s?? p??s?p???? ?a?
  eµp??e?µ?t??
• S?st?µata ??at?se?? se ae??p?????? pt?se?? ?a?
  s?d???d??µ??? ta??d?a
• S?st?µata da?e?sµ?? ß?ß???? se ?a?ep?st?µ?a ?a?
  ??e???t??? ??st?t??ta

45
???t?a??? ?a? ?fa?µ???? ????µ?s??

• ?fa?µ?sµ???? µ??a????? (CAD/CAM/CIM/CAE)
• ?fa?µ???? ???ep??????????
• ??a?e???s? ded?µ???? d??t???
• ????µ?sa, ??as??das?, ?a? ???????? p?a?µat???t?ta
• S?ed?asµ?? ?a? ??a?e???s? ????sµ????
• ?p????e? ?ed?µ???? (Data Warehouses)
• ??a?e???s? ?st?se??d??
• ??e?t?????? eµp????

46
(No Transcript)
47

• ??????? ???S S???

48
?? ??????? ???S S???

• ?e????af? t?? ?ed?µ????
• ??a µ??t??? ded?µ???? e??a? s?????? ap?
  ?????e? p?? ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a t?? pe????af?
  ded?µ???? t?? p?a?µat???? ??sµ??

49
?? ??????? ???S S???

• ?e????af? t?? ?ed?µ????
• ??a s??µa e??a? µ?a pe????af? µ?a?
  s???e???µ???? s??????? ded?µ????. G?a a?t?? t??
  pe????af? ??e? ???s?µ?p????e? ??a s???e???µ???
  µ??t??? ded?µ????

50
?? ??????? ???S S???

• ?e????af? t?? ?ed?µ????
• ?? s?es?a?? µ??t??? ded?µ???? e??a? t? µ??t???
  p?? ???s?µ?p??e?te pe??ss?te?? s?µe?a.
• ????? ?a?a?t???st??? s??s?, ßas??? ??a? p??a?a?
  µe ??aµµ?? ?a? st??e?.
• ???e s??s? ??e? ??a s??µa, t? ?p??? pe?????fe?
  t?? st??e? (? a????? ta ped?a).

51
????? ??????O?

• ?p?????? 3 t?p?? µ??t????
• ?? ?e?a????? µ??t???
• ?? ???t?a?? µ??t??? ?a?
• ?? S?es?a?? µ??t???

52
?e?a????? µ??t???

• Ge????
• ?a ded?µ??a ???a?????ta? se µ?a d?µ? d??t???
• Se ???e e???af?, ta ded?µ??a ???a?????ta? se
  tµ?µata (segments)
• St?? ???st?, ???e e???af? µ????e? sa? ??a
  ???a????aµµa µe ??a ßas??? tµ?µa (root segment)
  st?? ????f? t??
• ??????s? µe ß?s? t? s??s? pat??a?-pa?d?

53
?e?a????? µ??t???
54
?e?a????? µ??t???

• ?e??te? (pointers)
• Se ??a ?e?a????? S???, ta ded?µ??a s??d???ta?
  f?s??? µeta?? t??? µ?s? µ?a? se???? de??t?? p??
  ??????? s????a ap? s?et??? tµ?µata ded?µ????
• ?? de??te? a?t?? e??a? ded?µ??a p??
  ep?s???pt??ta? st? t???? e??? tµ?µat?? ded?µ????
  (t?? pat??a) ?a? d????? t? f?s??? d?e????s? t??
  s?et???? tµ?µ?t?? ded?µ???? (t?? pa?d???)

55
?e?a????? µ??t???
56
???t?a?? µ??t???

• Ge????
• ?a?a??a?? t?? ?e?a?????? µ??t????
• ?d?a?te?a ???s?µ? ??a many-to-many s??se??
• ??a pa?d? µp??e? ?a ??e? p??? ap? ??a?
  pat??a
• ??e??e?t?µata ?a? µe???e?t?µata
• ??a??st?p???s? p?e??asµ?? ded?µ???? ?a?,
  s????, µe??s? t?? ?????? ap????s??.
• ?a?da?a a???s? t?? a???µ?? t?? de??t??, µe
  ap?t??esµa ? s??t???s? ?a? ?e?t?????a t??
  s?st?µat?? ?a ???eta? s???? p???p????.

57
???t?a?? µ??t???
58
S?es?a?? µ??t???

• Ge????
• ??apa??stas? ???? t?? ded?µ???? µ?s?
  d?d??stat?? p?????? p?? ???µ????ta? s??se??
  (relations)
• ?p??e? ?a s?s?et?se? ded?µ??a t?t???? p??????,
  a??e? ?? p??a?e? a?t?? ?a ????? ??a ?????
  st???e?? ded?µ????
• ?e?t?????e? (e?t????) select, join, project
• IBMs DB2, Oracle, Microsoft Access

59
S?es?a?? µ??t???
60
S?????t??? ?e???s? µ??t????
61
ER

• ??t?t?ta S?s??t?s??
• (Entity Relationship)

62
ER

• ??t?t?ta a?t??e?µe?? p?a?µat???? ??sµ??
• ?e?????feta? sa? ??a s????? ?????sµ?t??
• ?a??µ??e? ??t?t?te? (?d?a ?????sµata) s?????
  ??t?t?ta?
• ???e ?????sµa ??e? ??a ped?? t?µ??
• ???e s????? ??t?t?ta? µp??e? ?a ??e? ??a ??e?d?
• S?s??t?s? µ?a s??s? µeta?? ??t?t?t??
• ??. ? ??sta? d???e?e? st? tµ?µa p???se??
• ??a s?s??t?s? µp??e? ep?s?? ?a ??e? ?????sµata
• S????? s?s?et?se?? s?????? pa??µ???? s?s?et?se??

63
??a? ap??? t??p?? a?apa??stas?? ded?µ???? ??a?
d?d??stat?? p??a?a? p?? ???eta? s??s?
64
S?µß???sµ?? S?s??t?s?? se ?????aµµa ER
65
??a???µµata ??t?t?t?? S?s?et?se?? (ER)
66
?????F????OS?

• ?? p??a?e? ap?te????ta? ap? ??aµµ?? ?a? st??e?.
  ???e ??aµµ? a?t?p??s?pe?e? µ?a e???af? ?a? ???e
  st??? ??a ped?? t?? e???af??. ?? p??a?e? ?????
  ??a p??te??? ??e?d? t? ?p??? e??a? t? ped?? p??
  ??e? µ?a µ??ad??? t?µ? ??a ???e e???af? t?? ???e
  p??a?a.

67
?????F????OS?

• ?? p??a?e? ep?s?? µp??e? ?a ????? de?te?e???ta
  ??e?d?? ta ?p??a a?t?p??s?pe???? ????? ded?µ??a
  µeta?? t?? p?????? a?t??. ? a?a??t?s? e???af?? se
  d?af??et????? p??a?e? t?? ß?s?? ded?µ????
  p?a?µat?p??e?ta? µe t? s????af? ??d??a se ???ssa
  SQL.

68
????S