To Become a Nation: The American Revolution and Canada

1
To Become a Nation The American Revolution
and Canada
How did an independent U.S. pave the way to
Canadian nationhood? How did
representative government come about?

• 8-26 Group One

2
The Thirteen Colonies

• British colonies founded between 1608 and 1732
• Proclaimed independence from Britain on July 4,
  1776, A.K.A. Independence Day
• Three groupings
• New England Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine,
  Connecticut, Rhode Island
• Middle Colonies New York, Pennsylvania,
  Delaware, New Jersey
• Southern Colonies Maryland, Virginia, North and
  South Carolina, Georgia

3
The Acts and Taxation

• The Sugar (1764), Stamp (1765), Townshend (1767),
  and Tea Acts (1773) were periods of time that the
  British
• -Demanded stamps on legal documents and
  newspapers
• -Imposed taxes on sugar, molasses, glass, tea,
  silk, paper, paint, and lead
• -Gave the sole right to sell tea to the East
  Indian Company, led Boston to close all shipping
  until the destroyed tea was paid for
• These acts caused anger because the colonists had
  to pay more money to Great Britain because of war
  and army expenses

4
The Acts and Taxation

Sugar Act protest
Tax and Stamp Act documents
5
The Acts and Taxation

• The Intolerable Acts (1774) included the Quebec
  Act because is gave Quebec control of the largest
  piece of land in British N.A.
• The colonists boycotted British goods and began
  to form an army
• The elected representatives did not stand up for
  the colonists rights, and they were taxed
  without their opinions heard
• They felt like the government was attempting to
  stunt the colonists expansion
• Protests led to American Revolution

6
The American Revolution

• Revolting of the Thirteen Colonies caused by the
  taxing the colonists without their rights in mind
• The people of Quebec and Nova Scotia stayed loyal
  to Britain, rather than fight for independence
• Also called the War of Independence
• Nova Scotia citizens did not join
• the rebellion with Americans
• they were called Neutral Yankees
• and did not oppose Britain
• The failure of the
• revolution kept Canada
• under British rule

Uniforms in the War of Independence
7
Refugee Migration The Loyalists

• For a decade after 1776, refugees (the
  Loyalists/Tories) come to Quebec and Nova Scotia
  to avoid prosecution from rebellious Americans in
  American Revolution
• Many kinds of Loyalists (people who stayed loyal
  to Britain)
• Came from the Thirteen Colonies to British North
  America (Quebec and Nova Scotia) to avoid danger
  from Patriots (people who rebelled)
• Here, they stayed mainly in Halifax, Shelburne,
  and the St. John River Valley
• New Brunswick, the new colony, was created in
  1784
• Colonized by immigrants of St. John River Valley
  who needed resources, land, and ports

8
Refugee Migration The Loyalists
(Left) Drawing depicting the Loyalists and their
devotion to Britain

(Right) Loyalists beginning to migrate
9
Refugee Migration The Loyalists

• Those from St. John River Valley wanted a new
  colony, New Brunswick, because
• -They felt treated unfairly
• -They lived with those who had not suffered and
  chose sides
• -The area of the St. John River was filled with
  possibilities
• The government agreed
• -If Nova Scotia split, there would be a governor
  in each of the colonies the governor of Halifax
  didn't need to govern a far-away place
• -It meant new government positions for Loyalists
• -A Loyalist colony by the American border could
  stop ideas of rebellion in remaining North
  American colonies

10
The Constitutional Act

• Took place in 1791and meant to show bicultural
  nature of Quebec and make British and French
  satisfied
• Divided Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada
  colonies, giving them representative government

11
The War of 1812

• CAUSES
• European posts blockaded as a result of the Seven
  Years War Neutral Americans upset because they
  couldnt deliver cargo
• The British wouldnt treat Americans equal and
  didnt see them as a full sovereign nation
• If Americans gained control over British North
  America, they would gain them as allies to the
  Native people who resisted the American movements
  westward
• Called the war that nobody won

A scene of the War of 1812
12
Key Events of the War of 1812

• June 1812-United States declares war on Britain
• July-U.S. army enters Upper Canada
• July-British capture fort Michilimackinac
• October-Battle of Queenston Heights. Americans
  lose Heights
• April 1813-Americans capture York, capital of
  Upper Canada
• September-British naval power on Lake Erie
  destroyed
• October- Battle of Thames River results in
  American win. Indian British ally Tecumseh killed

• October-4000 American troops retreat from 1000
  British and Canadians
• December-Americans burn town of Newark
• July 1814- Battle of Lundys Lane. No victory,
  but Americans retreated
• Summer-British occupy Washington for one day.
  Presidents mansion scorched and repainted white
  (the White House)
• December- Treaty of Ghent Americans territory
  returned
• January 1815-Battle of New Orleans. Andrew
  Jackson unaware of Treaty signing

13
The War of 1812

• LONG TERM EFFECTS
• American immigrants discouraged from coming to
  B.N.A.
• The war stabilized the 49th parallel, A.K.A. the
  Canada-U.S. border
• Rush-Bagot Agreement demilitarized the Great
  Lakes
• America respected as separate nation by Britain,
  not just colonies
• Some unity in Canada French and British fight
  together
• Maritime colonies prosper

(Left) Treaty of Ghent (Below) Then flag of U.S.
13 stars for 13 states
14
Explorers of Western Canada

• George Vancouver
• June 22, 1757-May 12, 1798
• Explored and mapped the Pacific coast that
  touches Canada and Alaska
• Spanish abandoned piece of land which gave
  control of fur trade

• James Cook
• October 27, 1728-February 14, 1779
• Made three voyages in the name of Britain
• Explored the coast of New Zealand, Australia,
  Tahiti and Hawaii.

• These men discovered Western portions of Canada
  while looking for furs and a Northwest Passage
  from Eastern N. America to the Pacific.
• This helped us (Canada) to have the land that we
  do now before it was claimed by another country

15
Explorers of Western Canada
George Vancouver
James Cook
16
NorWesters Men of the North West Company

• Simon Fraser
• May 20, 1776-August 18, 1862
• Built first trading posts in present British
  Columbia area

• David Thompson
• April 30, 1770-February 10, 1857
• English-Canadian cartographer and explorer
• Set up numerous fur-trading posts on Columbia
  River

• These two men explored the area around British
  Columbia and west of the Rockies.
• Like the men earlier mentioned, they helped to
  established lands in the name of Britain and
  Canada

17
NorWesters Men of the North West Company
Simon Fraser
David Thompson