Cell Biology and Cancer Analyze cell biology and cancer.

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Cell Biology and Cancer Analyze cell biology and
cancer.

• Biomed
• Objective
• Summarize cancer types, incidence,
  predisposition, and factors risk

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Cancer Facts

• Group of 100 diseases that develop across time

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Characterized by uncontrolled cell division
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Cancer Facts

• Can develop in virtually any of the bodys
  tissues
• Hereditary and environmental factors contribute
  to cancer development
• Second leading cause of death in U.S.
• Men have one in two lifetime risk, women have one
  in three

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Tumors

• Abnormal mass of tissue that results from
  excessive cell division.

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Types of Tumors (mass of cells)

• Benign Tumors
• Not cancerous
• Slow growing
• Do not spread from their site of origin, but can
  crowd out surrounding cells (brain tumor, warts)

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Brain Tumors

• Malignant
• Cancerous
• Can be fast or slow growing
• Can invade to nearby tissues and spread to other
  parts of the body

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Benign versus Malignant
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Types of Tumors

• Metastatic
• Cancer tumor that spreads from one part of the
  body to another part
• Forms secondary tumors
• Cell are like those in the original (primary)
  tumor

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Types of Tumors
Cancers may be categorized based on the
functions/locations of the cells from which they
originate.
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Types of Tumors

• Each cancer type has its own growth rate,
  prognosis, and treatability

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Laryngeal, Kidney, Lung, Liver Cancer

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Incidence of Getting Cancer

• Cancer incidence increases with age
• Cancer in children is extremely rare

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Inherited Predisposition to Cancer

• Can inherit a cancer-susceptible mutation
• Example breast cancer
• Cancer can occur in any of the bodys cells

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Risk Factors for Cancer

• 1. Exposure to Carcinogens
• Means cancer causing agnets
• Affects cell DNA
• Often decades between exposure and cancer
  developing

• Oral tobacco products Ultraviolet radiation
• Exposure to sunlamps or sunbeds
• Alcoholic beverages
• Wood dust
• Mineral oils
• Coal tar
• Asbestos

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Risk Factors for Cancer

• 2. Cigarette Smoking (Life Style)
• Is the cause of 30 of all cancers
• 60 of the chemicals in tar are known carcinogens
  including cyanide

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Risk Factors For Cancer

• 3. Exposure to Sun
• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the
  number one cause of skin cancer
• UV light from tanning beds is just as harmful

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Risk Factor for Cancer

• 4. Females Family history of breast cancer
  (Pre-existing)

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Risk Factors For Cancer

• 5. Fair Skin
• There are six skin phototypes, going from light
  to dark
• Individuals with skin types I and II face the
  highest risk of developing skin cancer
• Have less melanin which protects your skin

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Risk Factors For Cancer

• 6. Chemicals, radiation, and viruses
• (Environmental)

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Risk Factors For Cancer

• Radiation
• Creates an error in the DNA blueprint that
  contributes to eventual loss of control of cell
  division
• Cell begins dividing uncontrollably
• Could take years

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Risk Factors For Cancer

• All human DNA has portions with what are called
  ONCOGENES. They are naturally occuring genes tell
  the cell to just keep reproducing. There is also
  a control gene that keeps the oncogenes off.
• Viruses insert themselves into the DNA, find the
  oncogene, and turn it on then they find the
  control gene, and turn it off.
• The result is a cell that says Carpe Diem!!!! and
  begins to replicate without thought for any other
  metabolic process.
• That's cancer.

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Viruses
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Risk Factors For Cancer

• Chemicals
• Changes the cells DNA
• Mutated cells divide, replicate, and causes
  cancer

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Chance of surviving cancer

• Increases with early detection and treatment
• Incidence rate - Number of new cases per year per
  100,000 persons
• Mortality rate -Number of deaths per 100,000 per-
  sons per year
• Survival rate -Proportion of patients alive at
  some point after their diagnosis of a disease.

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The Warning Signs of Cancer

• 1. A sore that does not heal

• 2. Unusual bleeding

• 3. A change in a wart or mole

• 4. A lump or thickening in any tissue

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The Warning Signs of Cancer

• 5. Persistent hoarseness or cough

• 6. Chronic indigestion

• 7. A change in bowel or bladder function

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The End