Classification Systems

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Classification Systems

• Classification systems name and order organisms
  in a logical manner so that their relationships
  are evident.
• Taxonomy the field of biology that deals with
  classifying organisms.

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• A classification system is important because
  common names are not always consistent from place
  to place.
• Taxon category into which related organisms are
  placed.
• Modern Classification
• Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus
  Species

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Binomial Nomenclature

• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus.
• Each organism is given a two-part name.
• It identifies organisms by genus and species.
• Ex. Homo sapiens or H. sapiens, Felis domesticus

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• The first part of the name Felis, refers to the
  genus to which the cat belongs.
• The second part of the name, domesticus, refers
  only too particular species.
• The genus name is always capitalized.

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The Basis for Classification

• Physical Structures
• Homologous and analogous structures.
• Embryos
• Chambers of the heart, cellular structures, and
  plant transport system.

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Biochemistry

• Analysis of DNA and proteins provide the newest
  taxonomic information.
• More differences there are between the DNA
  sequences of two organisms, the more distant the
  common ancestor.

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The Six Kingdom System

• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

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Prokaryotic Kingdoms

• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria

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Eukaryotic Kingdoms

• Protista
• Unicellular and simple multicellular organisms.
• Two groups
• Algae
• Protozoans (amebas and parameciums)

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• Fungi
• Multicellular
• Contain chitin
• Decomposers and parasites
• Includes molds, mildews, mushrooms, and yeasts
• Plantae
• Carry out photosynthesis
• Contain cellulose
• Includes mosses, ferns, cone bearing plants,
  flowering plants

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Animalia

• Most can move from place to place except for
  barnacles and sponges.
• No cell walls
• Includes fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians,
  mammals, sponges, jellyfish, etc.