Miss Napolitano

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Taxonomy Classification of Living Things

• Miss Napolitano Mrs. Haas
• CP Biology

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Classification

• You use classification techniques all the time!
• Miss Napolitanos classification
• Employee
• State employee
• Robbinsville High School employee
• Teacher
• Science teacher
• Biology teacher

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Taxonomy

• Taxonomy the science of classifying organisms
• Carolus Linnaeus father of modern taxonomy
• Grouped organisms into taxa based on similarities
• Developed scientific names - common names became
  too confusing!
• Binomial nomenclature each species is assigned a
  two-part scientific name

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What is this?
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What is this?

• You may have said
• Mountain lion
• Puma
• Cougar
• Panther
• Or something else!
• Scientific names (binomial nomenclature)
  eliminates this problem!
• Simply, Felis concolor.

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Do you know the following scientific names?
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Do you know the following scientific names?
Felis catus
Homo sapien
Helianthus annuus
Spongiforma squarepantsii
Canis familiaris
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The Seven Levels of Biological Classification

• Domain is the most diverse, species is the most
  specific
• Species organisms that can interbreed with each
  other and produce fertile offspring
• Binomial nomenclature genus species of an
  individual

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Biological Classification
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Human Classification

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Primates
• Family Hominidae
• Genus Homo
• Species sapiens
• Shorthand Homo sapiens (H. sapiens)
• Genus species italicized or underlined
• ONLY genus capitalized
• If abbreviated, shorten genus to 1st letter

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Vocab before we proceed...

• Unicellular made of 1 cell
• Multicellular made of more than 1 cell
• Prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus
• Eukaryotic cells have nuclei
• Autotrophic makes own food (photosynthesis,
  etc.)
• Heterotrophic consumes food
• Cell wall rigid structure surrounding the cell
  membrane

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The 3 Domains of Life

• Bacteria true bacteria
• Archaea extreme bacteria
• Eukarya eukaryotes

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Domain Bacteria

• Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Cell walls
• Corresponds to kingdom Eubacteria
• Diverse!

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Domain Archaea

• Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Live in extreme environments with no oxygen
• Volcanic hot springs, brine pools, black organic
  mud
• Cell walls
• Corresponds to kingdom Archaebacteria

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Domain Eukarya

• All eukaryotes
• Organized into 4 kingdoms
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

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Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista

• The super random group
• Can be unicellular or multicellular
• Some autotrophic, some heterotrophic
• Categorized by plant-like, animal-like, or
  fungus-like

Plant-like Euglena
Fungus-like Slime mold
Animal-like Amoeba
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Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi

• Heterotrophic
• Many feed on dead or decaying matter
• Most multicellular but some unicellular

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Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae

• Multicellular
• Autotrophic photosynthesis
• Nonmotile do not move from place to place
• Cell walls
• Include cone-bearing plants, flowering plants,
  mosses, ferns
• Algae are NOT plants theyre protists!

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Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia

• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• No cell walls
• Most can move
• Very diverse complex!

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Comparing Domains Kingdoms
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Comparing Domains Kingdoms
Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Cell Type Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote
Cell Structures Cell walls Cell walls Some have cell walls, some have chloroplasts Cell walls Cell walls, chloroplasts No cell walls or chloroplasts
Number of Cells Unicellular Unicellular Some unicellular, some multicellular Most multicellular, some unicellular Multicellular Multicellular
Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Both Both Both Heterotrophic Autotrophic Heterotrophic
Examples E. coli Halophiles Amoeba Mushrooms, yeasts Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals
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Dichotomous Key

• Used to help identify an unknown specimen
• Works by asking yes or no questions about certain
  traits
• Eventually leads the reader to the correct taxa
  for the organism

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Dichotomous Key Example
Traits Direction
1a. Organism has 4 legs Go to 2
1b. Organism has more than 4 legs Go to 20
2a. Organism has a tail Go to 3
2b. Organism has no tail Go to 35
3a. Organism has stripes Bengal Tiger
3b. Organism has no stripes African Lion
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Try This!
Trait Direction
1a. Organism walks on 4 legs Go to 2
1b. Organism walks on 2 legs Go to 8
2a. Organism has visible fur Go to 3
2b. Organism has no visible fur Go to 20
3a. Organism lives in warm climates Go to 7
3b. Organism lives in cold climates Go to 4
4a. Organism has black or brown fur Ursus americanus
4b. Organism has white fur Ursus maritimus