Vital Signs

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Vital Signs
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Vital Signs

• Homeostasis state of equilibrium
• Vital Signs assessment of pulse, respiration,
  blood pressure, and temperature
• Body functions essential to life

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The Pulse

• Measurement of heartbeat
• Blood vessels expand contract when heart beats
• Reflects condition of circulatory system
• Normal 60 to 100 beats per minute
• Tachycardia higher than 100
• Bradycardia below 60

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The Pulse

• Rapid but weak pulse
• Shock
• Bleeding
• Diabetic coma
• Heat exhaustion
• Rapid and strong
• Heat stroke
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)

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Circulatory System

• Arteries vessels carry blood away from heart
  to body
• Veins vessels carry blood from body to heart

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Pulse Sites

• Radial
• Carotid
• Apical apex of heart

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Other Pulse Sites

• Temporal Artery
• Brachial Artery
• Femoral Artery
• Popliteal Artery back of knee
• Dorsalis Pedis - foot

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Respiration

• Respiration breathing brings oxygen into body
  while taking carbon dioxide out of body
• Single respiration one inspiration (in) and
  one expiration (out)

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Respiration

• 15 years and older 15 to 20 breaths per minute
• Well-trained athlete 6 to 8 breaths per minute

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Abnormal Respirations

• Apnea cessation of breathing temporary or
  permanent
• Bradypnea abnormally slow
• Cheyne-Stokes grossly irregular consisting of
  apnea with fast or slow
• Dyspnea difficult or painful breathing
• Tachynea abnormally rapid
• Kussmauls deep, gasping respirations

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Blood Pressure

• Blood Pressure the pressure exerted by the
  circulating blood against the walls of the
  arteries
• Systolic top number
• Heart is contracting
• Diastolic bottom number
• Heart is relaxing

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Blood Pressure

• Normal 120/80
• Abnormal systolic below 100 or above 140
• Abnormal diastolic below 65 or above 90
• BP is mearsured in mm Hg

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Blood Pressure

• Hypertension high blood pressure
• Indicator of cardiac problems and strokes
• Hypotension low blood pressure
• Could indicate shock, dehydration, or internal
  bleeding

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Temperature

• Temperature internal body temp.
• Normal 98.6º F
• Abnormal illness, heat exhaustion, heat stroke