The Protestant Reformation Through Maps

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TheProtestantReformation
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Causes of the Reformation?

• Church corruption
• Avignon Papacy
• Conciliarism
• Marsilius of Padua ? Defensor Pacis Defender of
  the Peace
• Attacked papal authority
• The Christian community is the sum of ALL its
  parts!
• Development of personal devotions ? suspicion of
  clergy
• Greed of secular leaders ? 1/3 of Europe ? church
  land
• Papal need for money ? indulgences
• Printing Press

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Johann Gutenberg

• A German goldsmith, who is credited with
  inventing a moveable-type printing system upon
  which he rolled out the first mass-produced
  bible, and in so doing revolutionized the storage
  and transmission of information.
• In the 1500s over 20 million copies of the
  Bible were sold

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Gutenberg Bible

• On September 30, 1454, Johann Gutenberg's Bible
  was published becoming the first book to be
  published in volume.

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The Gutenberg Bible The Printing Press

• More readers
• Cheaper and easier
• More interpretations
• More writers to talk about religion and secular
  topics
• Now Christians could read for themselves

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The Spread of the Printing Press
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The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c
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Abuses in the Church

• People were sick of the corruption of clergy and
  the worldliness of the church.
• THE PEOPLE WANTED CHANGE.
• Popes and some clergy, like Renaissance rulers,
  maintained a lavish lifestyle. BLING BLING
• They hired painters to paint beautiful murals on
  the church walls.
• To pay for this the church increased the fees
  charged for things like baptisms and weddings..

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Indulgences

• The Church (Pope Leo X) also promoted the sale of
  indulgences (pardon for a sin committed during a
  persons lifetime).
• In the Middle Ages they were given because of
  good deeds but that changed in the Renaissance
• By the 1400s the church was selling them for
  money

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Indulgences Golden Ticket to Heaven
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Martin Luther

• Struck by Lightning as a child
• Begged God.. If he was allowed to live he would
  become a monk.

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Martin Luther

• As Protests against the church continued to grow
• Luther, a German monk and professor of Theology
  started a revolt that led reforms in the church
  and outside it.
• Angry about a man selling indulgences, (which
  were supposed to get someone into heaven) Luther
  nailed his 95 Theses to the door of a church in
  Germany.
• Pope Leo X wanted Luther to Recanthe didnt and
  was later Excommunicated

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95 Theses

• Among other things, he argued that indulgences
  had no basis in the bible,
• the pope had no authority to release souls from
  purgatory
• Christians could be saved only through faith.
• Lutherans had no mass but rather a sermon

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• Luther nails the 95 Theses to the door
• 95 reasons why indulgences were wrong
• lt- Actual door

• Out of love for the truth and the desire to bring
  it to light, the following propositions will be
  discussed at Wittenberg, under the presidency of
  the Reverend Father Martin Luther, Master of Arts
  and of Sacred Theology

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Martin Luther vs. the Church

• Luther was an overnight success and the people
  loved him.
• The church tried to persuade Luther to recant his
  views. He would not.
• The new Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V
  excommunicated Luther and made it a crime for
  anyone to give him food or shelter.

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Luthers Teachings

• 1. Salvation could be achieved through faith
  alone and not by good deeds or being a good
  person.
• 2. Declared that the Bible was the sole source of
  religious truth. Denied the authority of the
  pope.
• 3. Rejected the idea that priests or other clergy
  had special powers.
• Said that all Christians had equal access to God
  through faith and the Bible.
• Rejected five of the seven sacraments because
  they were not in the bible.
• Banned Indulgences, pilgrimages, prayers to
  saints, ritual of Mass, priests vow of celibacy.
• Luthers followers were called Protestants.

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The Spread of Lutheranism
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The Peasant Revolt - 1525
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Peace at Augsburg

• 1555 it was a document that gave German Princes
  the right to choose what church the people in
  their lands would be part of.
• Most Northern states stayed Lutheran and most
  southern states stayed Catholic.

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Calvins World in the 16c
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John Calvin

• Believed many of the teachings of Luther.
• Believed in the idea of predestination (God had
  determined long ago who would go to heaven)
• To his followers (Calvinists) the world was
  divided into saints and sinners.
• Set up a Theocracy (government run by church
  leaders) in Geneva, Switzerland.
• Stressed hard work, no laughing in church, no
  dancing, fighting or swearing.

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ProtestantChurchesinFrance(Late 16c)
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Reformation Ideas Spread

• The leader of the Catholic Reformation was Pope
  Paul III.
• He wanted to revive the moral authority of the
  Church and turn back the protestant tide.
• Also wanted to end corruption within the papacy
  itself.

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Catholic Reformation What was done?

• To establish reform, the Pope called for the
  council of Trent in 1545.
• It met for almost 20 years and came up with
  reforms.
• After the council, the church called for
• Stiff penalties for worldliness and corruption.
• Created new Catholic schools that could combat
  the idea of Protestantism.
• The Counter or Catholic reformation only
  succeeded in keeping Europe divided between
  Catholics and Protestants.
• Jesuits (Society of Jesus)

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Jews and the Reformation

• Jews had a hard time during the reformation.
• Italy allowed Jews to thrive, Spain banished
  Jews from the country.
• Pressure remained strong on the Jews to convert.
• By 1516 Jews in Venice, Italy had to live in a
  separate quarter of the city known as the ghetto.
  Other cities set up walled ghettos for Jews

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ReformationEurope(Late 16c)