Title: 1952????????????
1? 7 ????????
2????????
- 1952?????????????????????
- 20??60??,???????IBM??????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????????????????
- 20??60????,?????????,????????????
- 1969??????????????????(ARPANET),???4?????????,????
??????????
3????????
- ???????????????????????????
- 20??50??,?????????????????,???????????????
- 20??60??,???ARPANET????????????????????
- 20??70????,???????????????????????????
- 20??90??,?????????,???????????????????????????????
???
4?????????
- ????,??????????,????
- ?????????????????????
- ?????????????????????????????????????
- ???????????????,???
- ??????????????????????
- ??,???????????????????
- ???
- ??????????,????????
- ????,??????????
- ???
- ?????????????
5????????
- ?????????????????,?????
- ?????????????
- ???,LAN (Local Area Network)
- ???,MAN ( Metropolitan Area Network) ???,WAN(
Wide Area Network) - ????????
- ????????????????????
- ???????????????
6???(LAN)
- ????????????????????????????,??????????????
- ??????101000Mbps
- ?????Ethrnet???FDDI???ATM???
Back
7???(MAN)
- ???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????1Mbps. - ??????(CATV)?
Back
8???(WAN)
- ?????????, ??, ??????????????????????????????????
????????????MAN??
9????????
- ??????????????????
- ??????,??????,??010Mbps?
- ???????,??????,??0400Mbps
- ?CATV?
- ????????????
- ??????????????????????
- ?????????????????
- ???????????????????????
???(hub)
10????????????
- ???????????????????????
- ?????????????????,????????
- ?????????????????????
11????
- ?????????????????????
- ????????????????????,???????????????,???????????
- ?????????,????????????
- ??????????????????????
- ???????????,???????????
- ?????????,???,???
- ???????????????,?????
12????
- ????????????????,????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????,??????????????????
,???????? - ?????????????????,??????????
- ??????????????????????,??????????????TCP/IP?Inter
net???????????
13??????????
- ?????????????????
- ????????????,???????????????
- ?????????????,????,?????,????? ??????
- ?????????????????????????????????????
- ?????????????
- ??????,????????????
- ???????,??????,???????
14??????????
- ????
- ??????????????????????????????,??????????
????? - ???????????????,???????,??????????????????
??,???????????????,????????,???????????????????
?,??????????????
15??????????
- ???????
- ????????????????????????
- ???,??????????????????????
- ??????????,?????????????
- ????????????????????????????
16????
- ???????????,??????
- ??,?????????????????
- ??????????
- ????(50?????75????)
- ??(UTP?STP)
- ??(??????)
- ??????
- ????
- ????
17????
- ????????????????????????????
??????,??????????? ????????????????? ?50?70?????
18????
- ?????????????????????????????????
????????(UTP)??????(STP)?? ?????????????????
19????
???????????,?????,????,?????,????????????????
20???????
- ??????????????(????????????????????)?????????,????
????????????????? - ???????????????????,???????????,????????????????,?
???????????????????????? - ????????,?ISO/OSI??????TCP/IP??? IPX/SPX???
21???
- ??????????????????????????
- IEEE802???????????????,????????????,????????????,
?????????,???????????
22???
- ????
- ?????????
- ????????
- ?????????
- ???????
- ??????????
- ????????
23???
- ????
- ???????
- ??
- ????
- ??????
- ??????
- ????
24???
- ????????????????
- ??????????????????????
- ????????????????????
- ????????,??????????,?????????????????,????????????
??????
25??????
???????,????????????,?????????????????,???????
,???????????????????????????????,????????????????
- CSMA/CD???(????????/??????),???????
- ????????(Token Passing Bus)
- ???????(Token Ring)
26??????
???? ???? ?? ??
CSMA/CD??? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????
???????? ???????????? ????????????????,??????? ????,??????????
??????? ????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????
27Internet??
28Internet????
- Internet??????????????,???,??????????????????????
??????????????????,??????????????, ????????? - Internet???1969????????????????????ARPAnet?????1
969?????,80?????????TCP/IP???
29Internet?????
- 1981?,ARPAnet ???????ARPAnet ?
MILnet,1982?,?????????,??????Internet?? - 1986?,?????????(National Science Foundation)???
Internet ????????,???????? Internet ?
TCP/IP,??????????,???NSFnet ??
30Internet?????
- 1990?7? ANSnet ???? NFSnet????? NSFnet
?????????????????,???????????(Advanced Network
Service)????? ANSnet ?,? NFSnet????????30?,??????
Internet ??? - 1996?,??????????Internet(NGI,Next Generation
Internet)??????????????????????????,??????????????
?????????????????????
31Internet??????
- 1987?9?,????????????????????????,??CANET?????,??
?????Internet????????,??1990?10????Internet????Int
erNIC?????????cn? - 1987??1993?,???Internet??????????????,???????????
?????????
32Internet??????
- 1994?3?,Internet?????????????Internet,???????Int
ernet??????1994?,?????Internet????????????????????
- 1994?4?20?,??????????????????????(NCFC)????Sprin
t????Internet?64Kbps??????,????Internet???????????
????????????????Internet????
33?????Internet ???
- ??????????
- (CCNIC,www.cnnic.net.cn),??????????,??????????????
?? - ?????
- (CSTNET,www.cstnet.net.cn)???????
- ?????????????
- (CHINAGBNET,www.chinagbn.com)???,????????????
- ??????????
- (CHINANET),??????
- ???????????
- (CERNET,www.edu.cn)?????????
34????????(CERNET)
- CERNET?????????????????1994?8????????,????
??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
,?????????????? CERNET???????????????????
?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
??????????????????????
35???
CERNET??
???
??
??
??
??
??
??????
??
??
???
??
??
36Internet????
- (1)?????? Internet?????????????,??????????
??????????,???????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????? - (2)?????? ?Internet??????????,???????????
,??????????,????????,???????????????TCP/IP????
?????,?????????????IP???????TCP?
37TCP/IP ??
- TCP/IP ????????????????
- TCP??????,?????????????????
- IP??????,?????????????????????????
- TCP/IP ????????
- ?????HTTP?FTP?Telnet?SMTP
- ?????TCP?UDP??
- ?????IP?ICMP(????????)?ARP(??????)?RARP(????????)
- ??-??????????
38IP??
- IP??????????????IP???IPv4????IP??????32?,??4??????
???,????4???????,??????????,?????????????????????
????,??????????0255? - IP?????????????????(???????????)?????????
??,??????????????????????????????,?????? -
??? ???
39IP??
- ???????IP??
- 11001010. 11000001. 01000001 .00100011
- ???????202.193.65.35
40IP????
- ??IP?????????????????????,IP???????A?B?C???
A?1.0.0.0126.255.255.255 (0?127???????) B?128.
0.0.0191.255.255.255 C?192.0.0.0223.255.255.255
A??????,B??????,C???????
41IP??
???
202.193.65.35???????
- 202.193.65.35????
- ?????202??192223??,?(C?)????????,?IP????????
- ????202.193.65
- ????35
42IPv6
- ??????6?,??IPv6,???????????,?????????????2128?????
??IPv4?232???????????????????? - IPv6???????????????IP??,??????????????IPv4????????
??????IP?????????????????????? - IPv6?????????????????,??????????????
43????DNS
???????????????????????,??.????????
???IP??????(????)????,???,????,???www.gxnu.edu.cn
?????????????
??????????IP?? 202.193.160.40
????????,?IP??????
???????????????????????,?????DNS(Domain Name
System)?
44??DNS??
?????????????????www????
????????????,??????? ??????.
.????.????.???? ????????????????,?????????????,???
?????
45????????
com ???? edu ???? gov ???? int
???? org ????????? mil ???? net
????
46????????
au ????be ???fl ??(???)de ??ie ???it ???nl ??(??)ru ?????es ???ch ??gb ?? at ???ca ???dk ??fr ??in ??il ????jp ??no ??(??)se ??(??)cn ??us ??
47- ??
- (1)?????????????????,? ????????IP???????????????,
??????????????????? - (2)??????????,Internet????????IP??,??????????????
????????IP??? - ?????????????????,???????????????IP??????????????
?
48??Internet
- ???????????,???????Internet??,???,?????????????
???Internet???????,????????,???????????(ISP)???,
??ISP????????????ISP,???????????? - ?????ISP???,?????????????,??????????
49??Internet
- ??ADSL??
- ???????????,??????????????????????????????????????
????????? - ??????
- ?????Modem???????????????Internet?
- Modem,??????,?????????????????,?????????
50??Internet
?????ADSL????
51??Internet
- ?????
- ???????????????????,?????????????????????
- ???????
- ?????????(cable modem)???????????
52??Internet
Internet??
???????
53??Internet
- DDN????
- ??????,????????????????????,????????????????
- ????
- ???????????????????????????????
54Internet??
55Internet??
- Internet???????
- ????(E-mail)
- ???(WWW-World Wide Web)
- ????(FTP-File Transfer Protocol)
- ????(Telnet)
- ????(Usenet News)
- ????????(WAISWide Area Information Server)
- ?????(BBSBulletin Board System)
56E-Mail??????
Telnet??????
FTP??????
USENET????
???Internet??
57IE???
- ??Internet,?Internet????????????(World Wide
Web-WWW?Web)??Internet,???Internet??????????,?????
???Internet???????WWW,???? - Internet Explorer(IE)7.0????
- ??Internet???????,???????????????
- ??????????
- ????????
58IE???
- ??IE
- ?????????IE???
- ????? ??????IE???
- ??????????????I E??????????
59??IE
60??Internet
- ??IE ?,?????????????,???????????
- ??????????????????????,???????????????
- ???????????IE????? ???,?????????????
- ??????????,?????????????
61??Internet
- IE????????????
- ??????Internet???????????,???????
- ????????Internet?????????cookies?????,?????
???
62??Internet
63??????
- ???????????????
- ??????,???????????????????????,????????????????,??
????????,??????????????????????????(???),?????????
?????????? - ????????
- ??????????,?????????
- ?????????,??????????
64???????
- ???????
- ??(http//baidu.com)
- ??(http//www.google.cn)
- ????(http//www.yahoo.com.cn)
- ??(http//www.sohu.com)
- ???????
?????
65??OE??????
- ??????????Internet???????????,?Outlook
Express(Windows ?????????)?????????
66????
- (1)?????????
- (2)??Outlook Express
- (3)????????
67?????????
- ?????????????
- ???????????
- ???????,??????????
- ?????????????
- ?????????????
- abc_at_etang.com
- abc????
- etang.com???????
- _at_ ?????? at
- ??????????
- ????????????(??????????????,?pop3.
etang.com?stmp.etang.com) - ?WEB????(??????????)
gtgt??????
68??Outlook Express
gtgt??????
69????????
- ????Outook Express?,???
- ???????????,???????
- ???????????
70?????????
71?????????
- (1)?????
- (2)????
- (3)???????
- (4)???????
- (5)????
72?????
- ??????????????????????
- ??????????????????????
- ???????
gtgt??
73????
- ??????,??????????????
- ??????????????????,???
- ?????????
gtgt??
74???????
1
2
3
gtgt??
75???????
????
- ??????????????
- ?????????
- ?????,????
76????
- ???????????????????????????????????????FTP?Int
ernet?????????,???????????FTP?????Internet????????
?? - ???? ????????????,???????????????????,?????????
????????????(DowmLoad) - ????????????????,?????(UpLoad)
77CuteFTP
78???????????
- ???????????
- ????????????????
- ????????????????
- ???????????????
79?????????
80???????????
- ???????????
- ??????????????
- ???????
- ?????????????
- ???????,???????
- ??????????
- ???????????????????
- ???????????????????
81???????????
- ??????????????????????
- ??????????
- ????????,?????????????
- ????????,????????????????????????,?????????
- ??????????????
- ????????
- ???????????
82???????????
- ????????????
- ????????????????
- ??????????????
- ???????????????????????????,??????????????????
83?????????
- ??????????????
- ??????????????
- ??????(?P238)
- ??????
- ???????????(VPN)
- ??????????????
- ???????
- ??????????
- ???????
84?????????
- ?????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????
,?????????????????????,?????????????????,????????
,?????????????? - ??????????????
- ?????????
85?????????
86?????????
- ?????????????????????????????????,???????,???????
????????????? - ?????????????,???????????????????,??????????????
?,????????????????????,?????????????,????????? - ????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????
???
87????
- ????
- ???????????,?????????
- ???????
- ???????,????????????
- ?????????????
- ???????
- ????????,??????????????,??????????
88????????
- ?????????????????????????(??????)???????(????
??)???????(??????)? - ???
- ???
- ???
- ??????????,??????,????????
- ??? ???????,????????????????,?????????,???????
????
89????????
- ????????????
- ????????????????,????????,??????,????????,?????
- ????????????????,?????????
- ?????????????????????????????????????????????
- ??????????????????,??????,????CMOS???????
90????????
- ?????????????
- ??????????????????????????,??????????????????????
?,????????,????????? - ???????????????(.com?.exe)???????????????,???????
,???????????????????????????? - ????????????????
91????????
- ????????????????
- ?????????????????,????????,???????????????
- ????????????????????????
- ???????(?????????)
- ???????????????????
- ?????????????????????
92????????
- ????????
- ????????????,??????.exe??????,??????????????COM,?
????????,???????? - ??????????????,??????????????????
- ????????????????????????????????????,???????,???N
ormal???,???????????????????????????????????????
93????????
- ????????
- ???????????????????,????????????
- ?????????????,?????????,??????
- ?????????????????????????,???????????????????????
?? - ??????????,????????,???????????????????,?????????
?????????????????
94????????
- ??????????
- (1)????????U???
- (2)??????
- (3)??????(???????????)
- ???????? (P247)
- ??????????(P247)
- ??????????
- (1)???????
- (2)?????
- (3)???????????????
95????????
- ????????
- ??????? ????(??)??????????????,???????????,????
????????? - ???????
- ??????(??)???????
- ??????,??????,????
- ?????????????????,
- ????????????
- ???????
- Kaspersky AntiVirus???????? McAfee
ViruScanNorton AntiVirus KV3000 ?
96The End !