Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish

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Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish
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Interior finishing

• Definition
• The installation of cover materials to walls and
  ceilings

• Prerequisites to Construction
• Utilities, heating, and insulation are installed
• Exterior doors and windows must be hung and
  installed.

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Interior walls can be covered with any one of a
number of materials

Gypsum wallboard (drywall) Plywood and particleboard Plaster
Gypsum wallboard for plaster veneering Hardboard and fiberboard Cement board
Predecorate gypsum paneling Solid wood paneling Special finishes
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Gypsum wallboard (drywall)

• Def
• A laminated material with a gypsum core and paper
  covering on either side.
• Has fireproof core
• Variety of thickness, shown on right, and
  lengths (4 x 8, 7, 9, 10, 12, and 14
• Also requires special tools (next slide)

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Gypsum wallboard for plaster veneering

• This is a base of gypsum board
• Usually ½ thick
• Its applied as a backing for a thin coat of
  plaster

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Predecorated gypsum paneling

• This is the same as gypsum wallboard.
• The difference
• Decorative vinyl finishes have been applied and
  edges have received special treatment so no other
  finish work is needed.

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Plywood and particleboard

• Picture to the right is fabricated in 4 widths.
• Lengths 7, 8, 9, and 10
• Prefinished in a variety of colors and patterns

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Hardboard and fiberboard

• These are produced from wood fibers in sizes and
  thicknesses similar to plywood.
• The face finish is simulated to look like wood.
• Variations of fiber board are used as ceiling
  coverings.

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Solid wood paneling

• These are boards or pieces of solid wood.
• Widths Vary from 2 to 12
• Thicknesses Either 1 or 2
• Lengths Vary from 4 to 10
• Faces may be rough-sawed, plain, or molded in a
  variety of patterns.

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Plaster

• The most popular wall covering.
• It is made of powdered gypsum to which other
  materials are added to improve drying time.

• A plastered wall system includes
• A base support, such as metal or gypsum lath
• Coats of wet plater

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Cement board

• Definition
• A versatile fiber-reinforced cement panel
  material that is used as a base (underlayment)
  for finishing materials used on walls, floors,
  and countertops.
• Fireproof, water and impact resistant

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Special Finishes

• These include a variety of products and
  materials
• Brick
• Stone
• Glazed Tile
• Plastic Tile
• Plastic Laminates
• Often found in kitchens and bathrooms

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• Ceilings can be covered with many of the same
  materials used for walls.
• Composition tiles are especially suitable
  because they are easy to install.

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Drywall Construction

• Drywall materials, such as gypsum wallboard,
  (shown on left) are the most common coverings
  used in modern construction b/c
• It saves time
• Dries faster than regular plaster

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Single Layer Construction Cover ceiling first,
then walls.

• Method One
• Parallel
• Long edges of panels run in the same direction
  as studs and joists.

• Method Two
• Perpendicular
• Long edges of panels are at right angles to
  studs and joists.
• Generally more prefered method.

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• In either method, vertical wall joints must fall
  over and center on studs.
• Both parallel and perpendicular are shown to the
  right
• Carpenter will use whichever method has fewer
  joints.

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Measuring and Cutting

• Score face with sharp knife pulled along straight
  edge, cut should penetrate the paper and enter
  the gypsum core
• Support main section of sheet close to scored
  line
• Snap the core by pressing downward sharply on
  overhang.

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• 4. Support the cutoff with other hand
• 5. Score the backing paper, as shown on right,
  and snap the cutoff upward
• 6. The cut can be smoothed with file or sandpaper

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Nails and Screws

• For single layer const., nails are spaced no
  further than 7 (ceiling) and 8 (wall).
• Keep 3/8 from ends and edges
• (On right) drywall fasteners

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• Walls
• Wallboard must be drawn tightly
• Start nailing at abutting edge
• Nail the field (area between edges) first
• Drive nails straight

• Ceilings
• Double nailing method of attachment ensures firm
  contact with framing
• Nails in field of board should be spaced 12 on
  center
• After panel is secured, another nail is driven
  approx. 2 from first

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Adhesive Fastening

• Produce a sturdier wall that is more resistant
  to impact sounds
• Some have flammable solvents
• Application
• Apply continuous bead to the center of all
  studs, joists, or furring.
• Should be ¼ to 3/8 wide
• Use temporary nailing or bracing to ensure full
  contact of the wallboard.

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Joint Fastener Concealment

1. Apply a bedding coat of compound into the
   depression formed by the tapered edges of board
   over all butt joints
2. Center reinforcing tape over joint and smooth
   out.
3. Press tape by drawing 5-6 knife along joint
   with pressure
4. Apply skim coat over tape.
5. Apply second coat over tape.
6. Feather edges and apply third coat.
7. Sand if necessary.

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Corners

• Outside corners are reinforced with a metal
  corner bead.
• Fasten by nailing into wallboard and frame
• Conceal with joint compound
• Internal corners
• Coat joint compound to both sides
• Fold tape along center and smooth

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Double Layer Construction

• Also called two-ply
• Double layer wallboard apps. over wood framing
• Base can be drywall or backing board
• A gyp. board with a gray liner paper on both sides

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Attaching the Layers

• Base layers are applied to framing with staples,
  nails, or screws
• The finish layer is laminated to base layer with
  an adhesive or compound
• Joints should be offset at least 10 from the
  joints of base layer
• Adhesive is usually applied to entire surface

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Boards

• Cement board
• Manufactured from a slurry of portland cement
  reinforced with polymer-coated fiberglass mesh
  embedde3d in both sides.
• Rigid or flexible
• Moisture Resistant (MR) Wallboard
• Plywood processed to withstand the effects of
  moisture and high humidity
• light green facing
• can be used as base under ceramic tile and other
  nonabsorbent finishing materials

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• Veneer Plaster
• A high-strength material applied as a coat less
  than 1/8 thick
• Dries rapidly
• one- or two- coat application
• Predecorated Wallboard
• Usually applied vertically
• Walls must be dry before installation
• Use of adhesive to bond panels is common

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Wallboard on Masonry Walls

• Two methods of preparing masonry walls for
  interior finish
• (top) Wallboard can be attached to metal furring
  channels. Rigid insulation is used
• (bottom) Wood furring strips and blanket
  insulation

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Installing Plywood

1. Before, panels should be adjusted to room temp.
   and humidity
2. Plan layout, begin at corner
3. Cut upward against the panel face
4. Attach directly to wall studs with nails or
   adhesives
5. Recommended use ¼ plywood over ½ gypsum
   wallboard base

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Plaster

• Qualities
• Beauty, durability, economy, fire protection,
  structural rigidity, highly adaptive to shapes,
  and sound resistance
• made from gypsum

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Plaster Base

• Sheet materials and metal lath
• Plaster base materials
• A. Gypsum lath
• B. Insulating fiberboard lath
• C. Perforated gyp. Lath
• D. Expanded metal lath

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Plaster Materials Methods

• Three-coat work
• Scratch coat
• Applied directly to plaster base
• It is cross-raked after having stiffened
• Brown coat
• Applied and leveled with the grounds and screeds.
  A long flat tool called and darby and rod are
  used
• Finish coat
• Applied when third coat is somewhat dry
• Two-coat work
• Scratch coat and brown coat are applied almost at
  the same time

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Ceiling Tile

• Can be installed over engineered metal strips,
  wood furring strips, solid plaster, drywall, or
  smooth continuous surfaces
• Many materials can be used
• Standard size is 12X12

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Estimating Materials

• Determining Area of Rooms
• Ceiling area is usually the same as floor area
• Multiply length times width
• Wall area
• add all the wall lengths together and multiply
  by the wall height
• Sheet Materials
• Always plan to use the longest practical sheet.
• Divide total length of walls by the width of
  sheets to find the number of sheets needed
• Estimate each room separately

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• Estimated Solid Paneling
• Based on nominal and unfinished size
• Calculate the square footage of the wall to be
  covered then multiply by the various factors
  taken from lumber tables
• For 1x6 tongue and groove boards, use 1.17
• For 1x8 tongue and groove boards, use 1.16
• On standard vertical applications, add 5 for
  waste

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• Gypsum Lath
• Produced in smaller sections than full sheets
• Figure the area of the ceiling and add to this
  the area of the walls (length of walls x height)
• Prices are normally based on square yards
• Ceiling tile are estimated by figuring the area
  to be covered (square footage)
• Round up