Africa

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Africa

• Chapter 1 Physical Geography
• Pg. 10 - 33

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Guiding Questions

• Geography What are the main physical features
  of Africa?
• Economics What factors influence the ways in
  which Africans make a living?

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Section 1

• Land and Water
• Pages 10 - 15

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Africas Regions and Landforms
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The Four Regions
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The Plateau Continent

• Much of Africa is made of Plateaus
• Very high in elevation
• Height above sea level

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Mountains

• All four regions have mountains
• Highest Mts. In East Africa
• Mt. Kilimanjaro
• Tanzania
• Tallest Mt. 19,341 feet
• Taller than 385 Holly Shelters

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The Great Rift Valley

• Located in East Africa
• On the edge of Mt. Kilimanjaro
• Formed millions of years ago Continents pulled
  apart
• Rift deep trench
• 4000 miles long
• Most major lakes located here

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Africas Rivers
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Nile River

• Longest River in the world
• 4000 miles long
• Twice as long as the Mississippi R.
• 2600 miles from Wilmington to LA
• Tributaries rivers and streams that flow into a
  larger river.
• Nile Tributaries
• White Nile
• Blue Nile
• Nile flows north to the Mediterranean Sea

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Farming Along the Nile

• Thousands of years
• Floods deposited silt
• Silt make soil fertile
• Rich in the substances that plants need to grow
• 1960s Aswan High Dam
• Controlled flooding
• Created Lake Nasser
• Water from the dam helps
• Crops grow in the desert
• Produce electricity

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Congo River

• 2900 miles long
• Second longest in Africa
• Still more miles than Wilmington to LA
• Fed by hundreds of tributaries
• Economy
• Farmers grow yams and cassava
• Many types of fish are caught

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Niger River

• Starts in Guinea along western coast
• 3rd longest
• 2600 miles still longer than Wilmington to LA

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Zambezi River

• Located in Southern Africa
• Forms boarder for 6 countries
• Angola
• Zambia
• Namibia
• Botswana
• Zimbabwe
• Mozambique
• 2200 miles long
• Victoria Falls
• Beautiful waterfalls
• Major tourist destination

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Section 2

• Climate and Vegetation
• Pages 16-23

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What Influences Climate?
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Distance From the Equator

• Equator runs right through Africa
• Most of Africa has a tropical climate
• Season in Africa are mismatched

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Role of Elevation

• Elevation height above sea level
• Higher elevation cooler temperature
• Elevations affect on climate
• Ethiopia High plateau
• Mild temps and good rainfall
• Farmers grow lots of crops
• Somalia Low elevation
• Dry and hot
• Farmers only grow near river or oasis

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Unpredictable Rainfall

• West Coast
• Wind brings moisture from ocean
• Average 100 inches of rain per year
• Sahara and Namib deserts
• No rain for YEARS
• Farmers in dry regions plant multiple crops
• Hope one will grow

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Vegetation Regions of Africa

• Near the Equator Rain forests
• On either side of rain forest Savanna
• Region of tall grasses and scattered trees
• On either side of Savanna Desert
• Sahara in the N
• Namib and Kalahari in the S

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Tropical Rain Forests

• West and Central Africa
• Covers almost 20 or 1/5 of continent
• Rain supports lots of life in RF
• Cacao grows here
• Plant to make chocolate
• Logging threatens the rain forest

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Tropical Savannas

• Most common in Africa
• Large herd animals Think Lion King
• Two seasons

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Deserts in Africa

• Sahara Desert
• Most of North Africa
• Almost as big as US
• Southern edge Sahel
• Hot and dry
• 4-8 inches of rain per year
• Namib and Kalahari in S. Africa

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Desert Living

• Nomads people with no permanent home
• Mostly herders
• Travel to find food and water
• Camels
• Store fat in their hump
• Can survive for days w/ no food or water

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Climate and Health
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Section 3Resources and Land Use

• Pages 26-30

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Agricultural Resources

• Most Africans farm
• Some have fertile land
• Some have poor soil or little rain
• Some lack land and tools

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Agricultural Resources Contd
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Natural Resources

• Economy System for producing, distributing,
  consuming, and owning goods and services.
• Farming is important to Africa
• Mining is just as important

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Mining
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Improving Economic Health

• Specialized Economy
• Dependant on one thing
• Africa Farming

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Strengthening Economies

• Africa wants to diversify add variety
• Diverse economy is best
• One piece can fail
• Everything else can succeed

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Where does the Money Go?

• Foreign companies
• Mine Africa
• Take the profits
• Few factories
• Africa does not produce much
• No production no money

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