BIBC 102

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BIBC 102 Summer 2006 Lecture 4 August 14, 2006
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Fig. 13.9
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FORMATION OF ATP IN LIVING CELLS
1. Glycolysis 2. Oxidative phosphorylation in
mitochondria 3. Oxidative phosphorylation in
chloroplasts
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BIOLOGICAL WORK
1. Activation of metabolism 2. Transport of
metabolites in and out of cells 3. Biosynthesis
of macromolecules DNA, RNA, protein,
polysaccharides 4. electrical signaling (nerve
cells) 5. Motility and force generation 6.
Regulatory mechanisms
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Chapter 14 in Lehninger Glycolysis Catabolism
of Hexoses
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VV 16.5
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acid-base catalysis in the isomerase reaction
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VV 16.6
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formation of a Schiff base as a covalent
intermediate in the aldolase reaction
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LNC p.527
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LNC 14.6
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VV 16.9
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VV 16.10
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LNC 15.7
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LNC 15.8
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THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE
VV 16.28
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Metabolic flux and its control
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LNC 15.16
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LNC 15.12
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LNC 4th ed.
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Phosphofructokinase 1
regulatory site
active site
active site
regulatory site
(only two of four subunits shown)
LNC 15.18a
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LNC 4th ed.
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Other sugars

• Fructose
• Galactose
• Mannose

pp. 534-537 (Section 14.2) Feeder Pathways for
Glycolysis
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Other Common Sugars
Monosaccharides fructose galactose mannose
Disaccharides sucrose Glu-Fru lactose Gal-Glu
maltose Glu-Glu trehalose Glu-Glu
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Fig. 9.12 in LNC
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Disaccharides
Galactose
Glucose
Figure 7-12
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Glucose
Fructose
Figure 7-12
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Glucose
Glucose
Figure 7-12
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LNC 15.11
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Lactose H2O D-galactose
D-glucoseSucrose H2O
D-fructose D-glucoseTrehalose H2O
2 D-glucose
Enzymes on surface of intestinal epithelial cells
Lactase
Sucrase
Trehalase
p. 535
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Lactose IntoleranceOMIMOnline Mendelian
Inheritance in Man
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Galactose to Glucose 1-P
Figure 14-11
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Figure 14-11
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p. 565
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Figure 14-11
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NADH H
NAD
Figure 14-11, p. 537
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Enzymes required for galactose metabolism
kinase
Galactose Galactose 1-P
UDP-Glu
ATP ADP
Uridyl transferase
epimerase
UDP-Gal
Glucose 1-P
phosphoglucomutase
Glucose 6-P
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GLYCOGEN METABOLISM
LNC Chapter 15
GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS
LNC Chapter 20
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Chapter 15 pp. 560-570(some figures from
Chapter 7) in Lehninger 4th ed.

• Glycogen Metabolism

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Catabolic PathwaysGlycogen ? Glu-6-P
(glycogenolysis)Glu-6-P ? Pyruvate
(glycolysis)Anabolic PathwaysPyruvate ? Glu
(gluconeogenesis)Glu ? Glycogen (glycogenesis)
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Figure 7-14b
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3 enzymes of glycogen breakdown(Glycogenolysis)

1. glycogen phosphorylase
2. glycogen debranching enzyme
3. phosphoglucomutase

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End of lecture 4, August 8, 2005