I.Ya. HORBACHEVCHY TERNOPIL STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lection ? 1 Homeopathy in a modern health care system. The main principles of homeopathy, its explanation. Homoeopathic terminology. Classification of

1
I.Ya. HORBACHEVCHY TERNOPIL STATE MEDICAL
UNIVERSITYDepartment of Pharmaceutical
SciencesLection ? 1Homeopathy in a modern
health care system. The main principles of
homeopathy, its explanation. Homoeopathic
terminology.Classification of homeopathic
medicines. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of
W.Schwabe.
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Homeopathycomes from the Greek words homeo,
meaning similar, and pathos, meaning suffering
or disease.

• Homœopathy (commonly spelled Homeopathy) seeks to
  stimulate the body's ability to heal itself by
  giving very small doses of highly diluted
  substances.
• Homeopathy, already one of the most popular
  medical systems in the world, is making a
  resurgence in Australia.
• In the late nineteenth century Homeopathy was the
  preferred medicine of one in four doctors in
  Melbourne.

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Homeopathic medicinal product

• Homeopathic medicinal product any medicinal
  product made of products, substances or
  compositions specified as homeopathic stocks in
  accordance with a homeopathic manufacturing
  procedure described by the State Pharmacopoeia of
  Ukraine (SPh Ukraine) or the European
  Pharmacopoeia, or in the absence of such
  description in the German Homeopathic (GHP),
  United States Pharmacopeia (HPUS), British
  Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (BHP), Schwabes
  Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Homeopathic medicinal
  product may also contain a number of active
  substances (principles).

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Historical overview of the development of
Homeopathy

• 1. The basic principle of homoeopathy as a system
  of medicine was recognized in ancient Greece by
  the physician Hippocrates (460-350 Before
  Cristmas) who is generally regarded as the father
  of medicine. He wrote "by similar things a
  disease is produced and through the application
  of the like, it is cured".
• 2. Second only to Hippocrates among the founders
  of medicine was another Greek physician, Galen
  (130-200 A.D )skilled in anatomy and physiology,
  he wrote of natural cure by the likes, Galen was
  recognized as the authority in medicine for more
  than 1000 years, but during this time no
  significant progress was made.

• Old homeopathic
• Belladonna remedy

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Historical overview of the development of
Homeopathy

• Old bottle of
• Hepar sulph
• made from calcium sulfide

• 3. During the 15-th and 16-th centuries when
  medicine was developing slowly as a scientific
  study, the Swiss physician and leading medical
  reformer, Dr.Theophastus Von Bombast (1493-1541
  ), who adopted the pseudonym Paracelsus rejected
  the principle of opposite acting remedies and
  stated that same must be cured by same. He also
  believed that every diseased organ had its
  corresponding remedy in nature, like his
  predecessors however his reasoning was largely
  intuitive and lacked a precise scientific
  approach.
• 4. The first precise enunciation of the
  fundamental homoeopathic principle was given in
  early 17-th century by a Danish physician, Dr.
  George Stahl taking up the assumptions of
  Paracelsus. He wrote "I am convinced that
  disease will yield to and be cured by remedies
  that produce similar affections"

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Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843) considered to
be the father of Homeopathy
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Discovery of the modern system of Homoeopathy

• The founder of the modern system of homoeopathic
  treatment was a brilliant German physician, Dr.
  Samuel Hahnemann, born on the 10-th of April 1755
  in the town of Meissen in Saxony (Eastern
  Germany)
• It was during this difficult time that Hahnemann
  performed an epoch-making experiment that was to
  lay the foundation for his new system of medicine
  Homoeopathy.
• It arose when he was translating a book from
  English into German written by a distinguished
  Scottish physician, Dr.William Cullen "A treatise
  on Materia Medica".
• It was an account of a drug Cinchona or Peruvian
  bark (Cortex Peruvianus) which had been used for
  the treatment of malaria, first in South America
  and subsequently in Europe, which prompted the
  experiment, for several days he took large doses
  of the drug and carefully noted the symptoms

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Discovery of the modern system of Homoeopathy

• his feet and finger tips became cold,
• he became drowsy,
• his heart began to palpitate,
• his pulse quickened,
• he experienced trembling in all his limbs with a
  thirst
• and redness of cheeks.
• The symptoms lasted only for a few hours and
  recurred each time he repeated the dose.
• Thus the drug cinchona, when taken by a healthy
  person induced symptoms similar to malaria, the
  very disease the drug was used to cure.
• Hahnemann noted in the book "cinchona bark" which
  is used as a remedy for intermittent fever in
  healthy people.
• He had established the basic precept of
  homoeopathy, fore shadowed by Hippocrates, Galen
  Stahl and Paracelsus.

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The main principles of Homeopathy

• Homeopathy is an effective, non-invasive system
  based on fixed laws and principles.
• Its scientific approach to aspects of disease
  includes
• the Law of Similar,
• the Law of Dilution (Healing or small dose)
• the principle of Potentisation.
• The basic concept of Homeopathy is treating like
  with likes, using remedies which are capable of
  producing in healthy person similar symptoms as
  those experienced by the patient.

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1. - The Law of Similars

• The basic principle of Homoeopathy Dr. Hahnemann
  expanded to "SIMILIA SIMILIBUS CURENTUR.
• The principle "like cures like states that a
  disease can be cured by a substance that produces
  similar symptoms in healthy people.
• This idea, which can be traced back to
  Hippocrates, was further developed by Hahnemann
  after he repeatedly ingested cinchona bark, a
  popular treatment for malaria, and found that he
  developed the symptoms of the disease.
• Hahnemann theorized that if a substance could
  cause disease symptoms in a healthy person, small
  amounts could cure a sick person who had similar
  symptoms.
• For example, if the symptoms of your cold are
  similar to poisoning by mercury, then mercury
  would be your homeopathic remedy.

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2. - The Law of Healing (the law of minimum dose)

• The principle of dilutions states that the lower
  the dose of the medication, the greater its
  effectiveness.
• The doses used in homoeopathy are so small that
  they cannot be accused of acting, directly on the
  physical body.
• Hahnemann considered that they acted dynamically,
  that the energy of the remedy stimulates the
  natural healing energy of the body, if it was in
  a state of disharmony in order to its return to
  its former healthy state.
• The remedy is taken in an extremely dilute form
  normally one part of the remedy to around
  1,000,000,000,000 parts of water.

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3. the principle of Potentisation

• strengthening the power of a remedy (in the
  homeopathic senses) by succussion.
• In homeopathy, substances are diluted in a
  stepwise fashion and shaken vigorously between
  each dilution.
• This process, referred to as "potentization," is
  believed to transmit some form of information or
  energy from the original substance to the final
  diluted remedy.
• Most homeopathic remedies are so dilute that no
  molecules of the healing substance remain
  however, in homeopathy, it is believed that the
  substance has left its imprint or "essence,"
  which stimulates the body to heal itself (this
  theory is called the "memory of water").

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The choice of homeopathic medicines

• Homeopaths treat people based on genetic and
  personal health history, body type, and current
  physical, emotional, and mental symptoms. Patient
  visits tend to be lengthy.
• Treatments are "individualized" or tailored to
  each person it is not uncommon for different
  people with the same condition to receive
  different treatments.
• There are many chemical compounds that are used
  for homoeopathic remedies.
• Homoeopathic remedies have been used for some 200
  years to treat a wide variety of illnesses safely
  and effectively.
• Hahnemann believed that the body contains an
  innate power to heal itself he called this the
  vital force.
• He believed that when a person is ill this force
  becomes disordered and that homoeopathic
  medicines are able to restore it in a unique way.
  
• The choice of medicines depends on the symptoms
  that are present and is called the symptom
  medicine.

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The Single Remedy

• No matter how many symptoms are experienced, only
  one remedy is taken, and that remedy will be
  aimed at all those symptoms.
• Similar principals forms the basis of
  conventional allergy treatment, where the
  allergic substance is given in a small dose, and
  in vaccines where an impotent form of the virus
  is given to bolster the immune system against
  that particular virus.

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Why use Homeopathics?

• Homeopathy is extremely effective. When the
  correct remedy is taken, results can be rapid,
  complete and permanent.
• Homeopathy is completely safe. Even babies and
  pregnant women can use Homeopathy without the
  danger of side effects. Homeopathic remedies can
  also be taken alongside other medication without
  producing unwanted side effects.
• Homeopathy is natural. Homeopathic remedies are
  normally based on natural ingredients.
• Homeopathy works in harmony with your immune
  system, unlike some conventional medicines which
  suppress the immune system. (For example, cough
  medicines suppress the cough reflex, which is
  your body's attempt to clear the lungs)
• Homeopathic remedies are not addictive - once
  relief is felt, you should stop taking them. If
  no relief is felt, you are probably taking the
  wrong homeopathic remedy.
• Homeopathy is holistic. It treats all the
  symptoms as one, which in practical terms means
  that it addresses the cause, not the symptoms.
  This often means that symptoms tackled with
  Homeopathy do not recur.

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Homeopathy and conventional (allopathic) medicine

• Allopathic medicine has achieved significant
  leaps in preserving both the quality and
  longevity of life, and it is important to
  recognize this contribution.
• A world wide vaccination program by the WHO has
  eradicated smallpox Insulin has enabled many
  type I diabetics to control their condition
  antibiotics, though not without their own
  problems, can render potentially lethal
  infections harmless.
• There are many homeopaths who frown on the entire
  spectrum of allopathic medicine, though in
  practice, a more balanced approach is often more
  effective. It is unwise, for example, for an
  insulin dependent diabetic to discontinue their
  insulin.
• However, conventional medicine is a wide label,
  and not all conventional medicine is beneficial.
• While in many cases symptoms are relieved, cured,
  or prevented many allopathic medicines can do a
  lot of harm to your body.

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Homeopathy and conventional medicine

• The symptoms of a disease, for a Homeopath, are
  your body's attempt to cure itself. By contrast,
  conventional medicine often works by suppressing
  your body's natural reactions, for example
• A cough is usually the result of foreign bodies
  in the lungs the muscles spasm in an attempt to
  remove it. Cough medicine simply stops this
  reflex.
• A headache tablet is a painkiller and simply
  suppresses the feeling of pain, leaving the body
  to undergo whatever torment it was before, but
  divorced from our consciousness. This is a very
  bad thing. For example, many headaches are due to
  dehydration - once the headache isn't felt, the
  patient no longer feels the need to stop running
  around, working up a sweat and dehydrating
  further.
• The conventional approach to treating infections
  is antibiotics. Antibiotics simply eat other
  bacteria. Our body also has bacteria that serve
  the same function (indeed, there are many types
  of bacteria naturally occurring in the body, all
  of which are beneficial) alas these are also
  consumed by antibiotics. In addition, a
  widespread concern is that bacteria are becoming
  resistant to antibiotics.
• Antidepressants generally work by blocking
  emotional responses. Unlike homeopathic remedies,
  dependence builds up quickly, and once a course
  of antidepressants has begun, it is often a step
  down a long, slippery slope to dependency.

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Homeopathy and conventional medicine

• Conventional medicine is a very blunt instrument.
  Part of its success lies in this very general
  nature. The sheer numbers of possible factors
  that need to be considered for effective
  treatment with homeopathic remedies have meant
  that it has required a long and often expensive
  consultation with a trained specialist. In
  contrast, regardless of the type of pain, or even
  where it is, the conventional relief is a pain
  killer.
• Compare that to homeopathy in our remedy finder
  database, we describe nearly 5,000 types of
  headaches.
• The approach of conventional medicine denies our
  body's efforts to heal itself and damages these
  systems.
• Homeopathy does not work in the same way how it
  does work remains a mystery.
• Chemists have concluded that in the very high
  homeopathic potencies there is actually none of
  the original substance left.
• Theories explaining homeopathy have been put
  forward, resting on vibrations, electromagnetism,
  or the memory of water.

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Properties of allopathic and homeopathic remedies
Allopathic features Homeopathic features
Used on basis of therapeutic action Used on basis of a proving/drug picture, toxicology and clinical evidence
Animals and ill patients used to test Provings on healthy humans
Size of dose sufficient to achieve blood level Frequency of administration more important
Strength expressed by amount of drug present Strength set by the potentisation process
Depends on metabolic activity to work Simple absorption metabolic activity unproven
Source of medicines is largely synthetic Sources mainly naturally occurring
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Allopathic and homeopathic remedies as they
affect patients
Allopathic features Homeopathic features
Usually same drug given to all patients for similar symptoms Individualised treatment in chronic states
Drug given to treat symptoms in isolation Most remedies treat patient as a whole
Condition at time of consultation treated Holistic approach
Usually requirement for course of treatment Taken only until improvement achieved
Symptoms disappear in no apparent order Homeopathic laws of cure are followed
Side-effects and iatrogenicity OTC aggravations generally only transient
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Controversies Regarding Homeopathy

• Homeopathy is a controversial area of CAM because
  a number of its key concepts are not consistent
  with established laws of science (particularly
  chemistry and physics).
• Critics think it is implausible that a remedy
  containing a miniscule amount of an active
  ingredient (sometimes not a single molecule of
  the original compound) can have any biological
  effect beneficial or otherwise. For these
  reasons, critics argue that continuing the
  scientific study of homeopathy is not worthwhile.
  
• Others point to observational and anecdotal
  evidence that homeopathy does work and argue that
  it should not be rejected just because science
  has not been able to explain it.

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Use Homeopathy in the USA

• According to the 2007 National Health Interview
  Survey, which included a comprehensive survey of
  complementary and alternative medicine.
• A group of diverse medical and health care
  systems, practices, and products that are not
  presently considered to be part of conventional
  medicine.
• Complementary medicine is used together with
  conventional medicine, and alternative medicine
  is used in place of conventional medicine.
• People use homeopathy for a range of health
  concerns, from wellness and prevention, to the
  treatment of diseases and conditions such as
  allergies, asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome,
  depression, digestive disorders, ear infections,
  headaches, and skin rashes.

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Regulation of Homeopathic Treatments

• Homeopathic remedies are prepared according to
  the guidelines of the Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of
  the United States (HPUS), which was written into
  law in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
  in 1938.
• Homeopathic remedies are regulated in the same
  manner as nonprescription, over-the-counter (OTC)
  drugs.
• However, because homeopathic products contain
  little or no active ingredients, they do not have
  to undergo the same safety and efficacy testing
  as prescription and new OTC drugs.
• The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does
  require that homeopathic remedies meet certain
  legal standards for strength, purity, and
  packaging.
• The labels on the remedies must include at least
  one major indication (i.e., medical problem to be
  treated), a list of ingredients, the dilution,
  and safety instructions. In addition, if a
  homeopathic remedy claims to treat a serious
  disease such as cancer, it needs to be sold by
  prescription.
• Only products for self-limiting conditions (minor
  health problems like a cold or headache that go
  away on their own) can be sold without a
  prescription.

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Regulation of Homeopathic Treatments

• Most analyses of the research on homeopathy have
  concluded that there is little evidence to
  support homeopathy as an effective treatment for
  any specific condition, and that many of the
  studies have been flawed.
• However, there are some individual observational
  studies, randomized placebo-controlled trials,
  and laboratory research that report positive
  effects or unique physical and chemical
  properties of homeopathic remedies.
• The regulation and prevalence of homeopathy is
  highly variable from country to country. There
  are no specific legal regulations concerning its
  use in some countries, while in others, licenses
  or degrees in conventional medicine from
  accredited universities are required. In several
  countries, homeopathy is covered by the national
  insurance to different extents, while in some it
  is fully integrated into the national healthcare
  system.
• In many countries, the laws that govern the
  regulation and testing of conventional drugs do
  not apply to homeopathic remedies.

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Side Effects and Risks

• A systematic review found that homeopathic
  remedies in high dilution, taken under the
  supervision of trained professionals, are
  generally considered safe and unlikely to cause
  severe adverse reactions.
• Liquid homeopathic remedies may contain alcohol.
  The FDA allows higher levels of alcohol in these
  remedies than it allows in conventional drugs.
  However, no adverse effects from alcohol levels
  have been reported to the FDA.
• Homeopaths expect some of their patients to
  experience homeopathic aggravation (a temporary
  worsening of existing symptoms after taking a
  homeopathic prescription). Researchers have not
  found much evidence of this reaction in clinical
  studies however, research on homeopathic
  aggravations is scarce.
• Homeopathic remedies are not known to interfere
  with conventional drugs however, if you are
  considering using homeopathic remedies, you
  should discuss this with your health care
  provider first.

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Homeopathic repertory by James Tyler Kent.
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History of Dr. Willmar Schwabe

• Although Hahnemann had left behind a wide range
  of knowledge and a guide to manufacture
  homoeopathic remedies in his Organon of
  Healing, Materia Medica Pura and Chronic
  Diseases, he did not leave behind detailed
  methods required for large-scale manufacture.
• It was the young German pharmacist Dr. Willmar
  Schwabe (1839-1917) who was so dissatisfied with
  this situation that he set out to develop
  analytical methods and to define pharmaceutical
  technical processes. He introduced quality
  controls and organised the cultivation of his own
  medical plants.
• In 1872 Dr. Schwabe produced the standard work
  for homoeopathic pharmaceuticals the
  Pharmacopoea Homoeopathica Polyglottica, which
  gave minutely detailed instructions on the
  production of homoeopathic preparations. Soon,
  Schwabes work gained world-wide importance and
  was translated into many languages, like English,
  French, Italian, Portuguese and Russian. It was
  published in rapid sequences, appearing in the
  5th (1901) to the 9th (1912) edition as the
  German Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia and thus became
  legally binding in Germany.

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Pharmacopoea Homoeopathica Polyglotta written by
Dr. Willmar Schwabe
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Structure of W. Schwabes Homeopathic
Pharmacopoeia

• GENERAL PART
• A. Homeopathic Pharmacy. Rules of storage and the
  registration to issue.
• B. Technology of preparation of homeopathic
  medicines.
• Section I. Preparation of medicines from herbal
  raw and animal tissues
• 1. Methods of preparation of essences and
  tinctures.
• 2. Essences prepared from equal parts of juice
  and 90 ethanol.
• 3. Essences prepared from 1 weight part of
  juice and 2 weight parts 90 ethanol.
• 4. Tinctures prepared with 10 weight parts
  ethanol and 1 weight part of dry herbal raw or
  animal tissue.
• Section II. Preparation of medicines from
  minerals and chemical compounds
• 5. The aqueous solutions.
• 6. The alcoholic solutions.
• 7. Preparation of powder trituration from dry
  substances.
• Section III. Preparation of medicinal trituration
  from liquids different origin
• 8. Preparation of trituration of liquids.
• 9. Preparation of trituration of essences and
  tinctures.
• The decimal and centesimal scale.

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Homoeopathic terminology
Active ingredient is the substance in a medicines, that is biologically active.
Allergodes isopathic remedies used to treat allergies havent drug pictures obtained through provings, and are still prescribed on the basis of local symptoms alone.
Allopathic medicine refers to the practice of conventional medicine that uses pharmacologically active agents or physical interventions to treat or suppress symptoms or patho- physiologic processes of diseases or conditions.
Antagonist the opposite of the active substance.
Antidote (antipoison) medicines for decelerating, terminating or attenuating poison (or homeopathic remedies) action on the body.
Basic solutions preparations, that directly obtained from the raw material of various origin and intended for further dilution according to Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia.
Complex homeopathic preparations medicines, prepared of several homeopathic substances.
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Homoeopathic terminology
Constitutional remedies remedy may be defined as constitutional when, by virtue of its symptomatology, it covers the basic acute or chronic symptomatology of a person throughout life.
Dosage forms are a mixture of active and excipients components. Depending on the method of administration they may be in several types. These are liquid , solid and soft dosage forms.
Herbal drugs for homoeopathic preparations are mainly whole, fragmented or cut, plants, parts of plants including algae, fungi or lichens in an unprocessed state, usually in fresh form.
Homeopathic dilution the number, indicating how many times to do the serial dynamized dilution of the medicine by ten-or hundredfold scale. The greater the number of dilution, the less amount of active substance contains the medicine and the more power it has. The number of dilutions is recorded on each bottle of medicine by a number, which is usually printed just after the name of the medicine.
Homeopathic Materia Medica encyclopedia of materials which may be used to prepare homeopathic medicines. They list the materials along with details of the provings which establish the symptoms and conditions for which they are claimed to be suitable.
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Homoeopathic terminology
Homeopathic medicinal product a medicinal product prepared from products, substances or compositions called homeopathic stocks in accordance with a homeopathic manufacturing procedure described by the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph), American Ph., Britis Ph. or Homeopathic Ph. by W. Schwabe.
Homeopathic pills made from an inert substance (often sugars, typically lactose), upon which a drop of liquid homeopathic preparation is placed.
Homeopathic Repertory is an index of disease symptoms that lists remedies associated with specific symptoms.
Homoeopathic preparations are prepared from substances, products or preparations called stocks, in accordance with a homoeopathic manufacturing procedure. A homoeopathic preparation is usually designated by the Latin name of the stock, followed by an indication of the degree of dilution.
Isopathic remedies this group of remedies involves the use of high dilutions of the allergen to which the patient is sensitive.
Monohomeo-preparation medicine with one homeopathic substances.
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Homoeopathic terminology
Miasms peculiar morbid derangement of the vital force. There are 3 basic types of miasm emotional, physical, infectious. Miasm is a type of responding.
Mother tinctures are the liquid preparations resulting from the extraction of suitable source material with alcohol or water mixtures which form the starting point for the production of most homeopathic medicines.
Nosodes (from the Greek nosos - disease) made from diseased or pathological products such as fecal, urinary, and respiratory discharges, blood, and tissue.
Pillules for homoeopathic use are solid preparations obtained from sucrose, lactose or other suitable excipients. They may be prepared by impregnation of preformed pillules with a dilution or dilutions of homoeopathic stocks or by progressive addition of these excipients and the addition of a dilution or dilutions of homoeopathic stocks. They often are intended for oral or sublingual use.
Polychrests (many uses) are remedies whose drug pictures show a very wide spectrum of activity and which therefore have a broad range of applications.
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Homoeopathic terminology
Potentisation (dynamisation) substance is diluted with alcohol or distilled water and then vigorously shaken by ten hard strikes against an elastic body in a process called succussion. In result, we obtained medicines "potencies". Dilutions and triturations are obtained from stocks by a process of potentisation in accordance with a homoeopathic manufacturing procedure this means successive dilutions and succussions, or successive appropriate triturations, or a combination of the 2 processes.
Proving the process of registering minute details of the action of the poisons and like substances.
Remedy a substance which has been prepared with a particular procedure and intended for patient use.
Sarcodes homeopathic remedies prepared from healthy specimens.
Stocks are substances, products or preparations used as starting materials for the production of homoeopathic preparations. A stock is usually one of the following a mother tincture or a glycerol macerate, for raw materials of botanical, zoological or human origin, or the substance itself, for raw materials of chemical or mineral origin.
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Homoeopathic terminology
Tablets for homoeopathic use are solid preparations obtained from sucrose, lactose or other suitable excipients.
Vehicles are excipients used for the preparation of certain stocks or for the potentisation process. They may include, for example purified water, alcohol of a suitable concentration, glycerol and lactose.
Centesimal scale (C) diluting a substance by a factor of 100 at each stage.
Decimal scale (D or X) the D or X scale dilution is therefore half that of the same value of the C scale for example, "12X" is the same level of dilution as "6C".
Quintamillesimal scale (Q or LM) diluting the drug 1 part in 50,000 parts of diluent. A given dilution on the Q scale is roughly 2.35 times its designation on the C scale. For example a remedy described as "20Q" has about the same concentration as a "47C" remedy.
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The rules of Prescription

• The writing of prescriptions falls exclusively
  within the duties of the physician. He prefers to
  prepare and dispense his own medicines, he should
  exercise the greatest care and exactitude in
  giving his instructions to the pharmacist who is
  to be governed by them. Not the slightest doubt
  should exist concerning the physician's
  directions.
• Abbreviations. While these facilitate the writing
  of prescriptions they do not add to their
  intelligibility, and hence should only be used in
  strict obedience to rules of abbreviation.
  Legibility is absolutely necessary in the writing
  of prescriptions, to avoid errors and waste of
  time. It is also desirable that physicians of
  different countries should write prescriptions in
  Latin, with which all pharmacists are
  sufficiently acquainted.

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The rules of Prescription

• 1. The name of the medicine is to be plainly
  written, preferably in Latin.
• 2. The form should next be stated as indicated in
  the examples given below, denning carefully by
  the signs in use whether 'a tincture, dilution,
  or trituration is desired. This is done by adding
  the abbreviation tinct. or ltfgt, dil., trit., or,
  in case of either of the latter, to the number of
  the dilution or trituration the sign x or c
  (decimal or centesimal scale) as an exponent e.
  g., 3x, 6x, 3c, etc.
• 3. If the medicated moulded form is desired, this
  is also to be plainly stated in words e. g.,
  tablets, pellets, cones, etc. Such medicated
  powder or moulded preparation is best expressed
  in plain words, or, if preferred, the number with
  its exponent may be marked with line as explained
  under Tincture Triturations e. g., indicating
  a medicated preparation of milk-sugar.
• 4. The quantity should also be stated explicitly
  in the usual signs of metric or apothecaries'
  weight, or in words.
• 5. The dose and its frequency of repetition is
  plainly to be written under the head of Signa or
  Directions.

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Note !

• Homeopathy is a form of medicine that helps your
  body heal itself
• Homeopathic medicine is safe and has been chosen
  for you individually, so it should not be given
  to anyone else, even if they have similar
  symptoms
• Thank you for attention!