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Title: http://hhsiao.dlearn.kmu.edu.tw


1
???
  • ?????? ??????
  • ???? ???
  • http//hhsiao.dlearn.kmu.edu.tw

2
??
  • I. Huntington??????????
  • II. ???????
  • III. ???????

3
I. Huntington??????????
  • 1.????????1828-1926,
  • ??????????????????????.
  • ???????? 1922-1942, ???????.
  • 2.???????? 1943-1962,
  • ?????????????.
  • ???????? 1958-1975, ?????????.

4
  • 3. ?????? 1975-
  • David Potter, et al, Democratization (Polity
    Press ,1997), ??, et al.??,??????(????, 2000),
    p.12.

??????, 1975??1995?
1975 1975 1975 1995 1995 1995
???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
???????? 2 0 22 0 0 24
???? 15 2 5 2 5 15
?? 18 4 3 11 5 9
????????? 43 2 3 12 16 20
?????? 14 3 2 13 3 2
????/??? 9 0 0 5 14 8
? ? 101 11 35 43 43 78
???
1975 N147 68.7 7.5 23.8
1995 N164 26.2 26.2 47.6
5
II.???????
  1. ???????? (Socioeconomic Precondition Thesis)
    ?????, The Lipset School of Democratization
  2. ??????? (Transitional Approach Thesis) ?????,
    The Rustow School of Democratization
  3. ????? (Cultural Precondition Thesis) ?????, The
    Huntington School of Democratization
  4. ??????? (Political Institutional Establishment
    Thesis) ??????, The Friedman School of
    Democratization
  5. ??????? (Cultural Ecological Thesis) The Yang
    Kuo-shu School of Democratization

6
II.1 ????? ?????????
  • ?? ?????(the Lipset School of Democratization),
    ?1960s???????????. Theorists of this school have
    isolated the following socioeconomic correlates
    of democracy
  • High levels of urbanization,
  • Industrialization,
  • Rising per capita income
  • High literacy rates,
  • Mass communication, etc.

7
  • ?????
  • Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man (London
    Heinemann, 1960) expanded edition, (Baltimore
    Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981).
  • Phillip Cutright, National Political
    Development Measurement and Analysis, American
    Sociological Review, Vol. 28 (April 1963), pp.
    253-264.

8
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9
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10
????????????????????? !??
???,lt?????/???????gt, pp.10-12.
11
II.2 ????? ???????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????,???????
    ?????????
  • ???????????,???????????(a)?????,?(b)?????????????
    ????(c)??????(d)??????(e)??????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????,?
    ?????????????,????????????????????????????????(???
    ??)?????????????,?????????????

12
David Potter ? Democratization , ??????????, P.
20, ?3
?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
????? ????? ????? ????? ?????
???????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????, ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????, ?????????
13
??????
  • Dankwart Rustow, Transition to Democracy Toward
    a Dynamic Model, Comparative Politics, Vol. 2
    (April 1970), pp. 337-363.
  • Adam Przeworski, Some Problems in the Study of
    the Transition to Democracy, in Guillermor
    ODonnell and Philippe Schmitter, eds.,
    Transitions from Authoritarian Rule Comparative
    Perspective (Baltimore Johns Hopkins University
    Press, 1986).

14
II.3 ????? ?????
  • ??????????????????????????????????.Samuel
    Huntington (???)1984???? Will More Countries
    Become Democratic? Political Science Quarterly,
    992 (Summer 1984), pp. 193-218, ???????.
  • ???????????,??????????,????(????????????)???
    ?????. Huntington, The Goals of
    Development, in Myron Weiner and Samuel
    Huntington, eds., Understanding Political
    Development (Boston Little, Brown Co., 1987),
    p. 22.

15
  • Robert Scalapino (???University of
    California at Berkeley??, Asian
    Survey??)????????. ????????????????,??????????????
    ??????(individualism)????. ??,????????????????????
    ???. ??,??????????????????,??????????.
    ??,??????????. ???? The Politics of Development
    Perspectives on Twentieth Century Asia
    (Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press,
    1989).

16
  • Lipset (???)?Political Man
    (??1960)?1981??????,???????????????????.
    ??1990????The Centrality of Political Culture,
    Journal of Democracy, 14 (Fall 1990), p. 82,
    ???????????.??????????????,??????????????????,????
    ???????.

17
  • ???????????????????????,????????????????????
    ?????????. ??,?????1982???Nathan Tumin (??)??.
    ??????????????,????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????. ??The Theory of
    Democratic Development, A Critical Revision,
    Theory and Society, 11 (1982), p. 160.

18
  • ??,???????????????,????????????,????????????
    ???????????????.?????????,????????????????????,???
    ???,?????????????,?????????????.
  • ????/????(civil society)?????????????.

19
???????
  • ?????????? individualism????????????,
    ????????????????????????????,????????????????,???
    ?????????
  • (1) Steven Lukes, Individualism (Oxford Basil,
    1973).
  • (2) Donald Munro, Introduction to Donald Munro,
    ed., Individualism and Holism Studies in
    Confucian and Taoist Values (Ann Arbor Center
    for Chinese Studies, The University of Michigan,
    1985), pp. 1-32.

20
????????????????
  • Buddhist concept of the Buddha Nature (??)
    residing in each person. The Nirvana Sutra
    ???Even an icchantika (???) possesses the
    Buddha Nature. ????????????????. The Hindu
    concept of atman (??,??) vs. Brahman .
    Confucian concept of ???????? in each person.
  • Taoist concept of ? as an embodiment of ? in
    each individual.
  • ??????????????????????????,?????????????????????.

21
  • ???????????????????????????. ????????????,????????
    ?. ????????????????????,?concept of
    dignity???????,????????????.
  • ???????????????????,????, ?????????????
  • ??,??????????,????????????????.

22
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23
II.4 ????? ???????
  • ???????,Edward Friedman (????)????????????????????
    ????????,?????????????????,??????????,????????????
    ???????,?????????,??????????????????????,?????????
    ?,??????,????????
  • Friedman, Democratization Generalizing the
    East Asian Experience ,in Edward Friedman , ed
    ., The Politics of Democratization (Boulder
    Westview Press , 1994) , pp.19-57.

24
II.5 ????? ???????
  • ?????/????????????????????????????????????????.???
    ?????????????(??????????????)??????.
    ???????????????(??????????????)???.
    ????????????????????, ???????????????????.
  • ???, ??????????????. ??????????, ?????????????.
    ?????????????. ???????????.
  • ????????lt?????/???????gt.

25
III. ???????
  • ????????lt???????????????????gt, pp. 7-9, 17-29,
    30-35.












26
??????????????
???
  • ????

????
???
???
27
1945
1980
1987
????/ ????
??????
??????
???
?? ????
?? ????
?? ??
28
?????????????
  • a. ????????(one-party totalitarian system)
  • i. ??????(Marxist-Leninist Totalitarianism)
  • ii. ??????(Nazi Totalitarianism)
  • b. ??????(one-party authoritarian system)
  • i. ??????(hard authoritarianism)
  • ii. ??????(soft authoritarianism)

29
  • c. ?????(pluralistic democracy)
  • i. ???????(dominant-party democracy)
  • ii. ?????(two-party democracy)
  • iii. ?????(multi-party democracy)
  • ???? Joseph LaPalombara and Myron Weiner, eds.,
    Political Parties and Political Development
    (Princeton Princeton University Press, 1966).
  • Edwin Winckler, Institutionalization and
    Participation on Taiwan From Hard to Soft
    Authoritarianism?The China Quarterly, No. 99
    (September 1984), pp. 481-499.

30
???????????????
  • ??????(state corporatism) 1947-87.
  • ???(????)?????????.
  • b. ??????(societal corporatism) 1980--.
  • ?????????????.
  • c. ????/????(plural society/civil society)
    1987--.
  • 1996??, ???????.

31
  • Cf. Philippe Schmitter and Gerhard Lehmbruck,
    eds., Trends Toward Corporatist Intermediation
    (Beverly Hill and London Sage, 1979).
  • Harmon Zeigler, Pluralism, Corporatism, and
    Confucianism Political Association and Conflict
    Regulation in the United States, Europe, and
    Taiwan (Philadelphia Temple University Press,
    1988).
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