65km PV?2??????

1
?7???????????????
-?????????? ????????????-
????????????????????????
????? ??1?4??
65km PV?2??????
2??
4??
?????
Kelvin-Helmholz???
KH?????????????x????
???????????????
2
7?1??????????????????????
1993?1?
(????3?)2??????????????????????Plumb et al.
(1987, JAS)
???
0.46hPa, 20S
??
1?
?????
??
Wu et al., 1996, J. Atmos. Sci.
????MLS???????????s3, 2-day wave?????????
?????(35S, 138E)????????(1???)??????????????
3
??
2.15mb
??
??
0.46mb
0.046mb
2??????????????-????? Wu et al., 1996, J. Atmos.
Sci. 92?12?-93?3?(????)???????????????????
???????-??????DAY 502?1????
4
Plumb(1983) ??????????????
???? ??????????????????????????????????
?????????????1???????????????????
???????????????????(????????)???????????????????
???
??????????w0????????PV???w?????????????????????
??????
????????????
?????????????????????
????????????????????(????)????????????? ?????????
?????????????
????w0?????
????
???? ????? ?????????????????? ????????????????
(???????????)???? 5???????????????????????
5
???????????????????????????????????????
????????????
?????????????????
??? ??????????????????? ???????????
???????????? ????????????????? ???????
??? ????(???2???????)
????????????
6
?????????( ??dydz?????? )?????????
?????? ?????
???????????????(????? c ????????????????????)? ???
??????????
????????????????????? ?not zero ???
??????????????? z0??????????????(??jet?????????
?????????)?????PV???????????????????????????????
???????Eady???????????????????????????????????????
(?????????????????????)?
7
Plumb(1983)????????????
?????????????????????????????????9400km(??3??)????
?5000km?sin???????????Geopotential???80km?????????
???????????????????PV????????????????????????(c?)?
????????? ????Potential
Vorticity ?????????(???????????????)?
??
Height?
??
?????????????PV??
8
?????
Harris and Vincent, 1993, JGR????? 2N,157W,
Chrismas??2?????????????????????????????
s3?Rossby-??????????MF?????????
??
2?
????2?????????
9
????????? Garcia et al., 2005, JAS
70km
2002, 1-2?, 40S???k3, 2??????(??????)??????????c
70m/s
???????????6-7??2002
???(40N)?6-7??2002???????
10
GCM???2??
??
???
??3??????-??????RG????????????????(b)???????????
UGAMP GCM (T21) ?7?1????????Norton and Thuburn,
1996, G. R. L.
?65km(3000K), 85km(7000K)????3???????
???
2?????v?????????????3?dotted?4
11
72 ??????????
Hayashi et al., 1998, JGR??
??
??
CLAES???????4S-4N????1-6??????????????1992/12/14-2
0??box????pancake???????
??????????225E???????????????????filter???????????
????????
????50km????????10km??????????????????????????????
????????
????????????????????????????????????????????? ?gt
12
?????????????trigger?????????2??????(???????)
Limpasuvan et al., JAS, 2000
t0????1?forcing????

???
??bold??????????????? ??????
20-30?
25-35?
??dQ/dylt0???(stratopause????????????65km??????)?bo
ld?2???????? ???????????????????????(Eliassen
-Palm??????)
2?????????4(?)?3(?)
13
??????trigger????????2??????(?)
0.3hPa
0.3hPa

?????????
??4????????dQ/dylt0
????
??4?EP-flux?divergence, ??dQ/dylt0,
bold???4?2????????
?????EP-flux????????????????EP-flux(?? )???????
14
7-34??????
Nimbus 4 and 5 ?radiance????? s1
?????????????????(1971-1972) ?????(E)?4???????????
??????(70S???)?Venne and Stanford, J. Atmos.
Sci., 1982
????
????
4???????(??)??????????????????(stationary?????????
?????????)
1979?8?(?????)???????Potential Vorticity
??????Hartmann, 1983, J. Atmos. Sci.
??45km????70S???potential vorticity
gradient?????????? ?????????????????????? ??????
15
????????????????????(??????)
s1 ??????????70???????????(??)??????????????3????
??5??????????????????4??????????????Hartmann,
1983, J. Atmos. Sci.
??
??????????????(?)?????(?)
U180, f060????B?????????
16
????????4?????(Lawrence and Randel, 1996, JGR)
??????
????potential vorticity gradient ???
4??
????????????
?????????4???????????????????EP-flux ????1977?9?
17
Manney and Randel, 1993, JAS ???????????????
??????
????
??????????
U (y,z)
30
50
70
???????????EPflux??????
??1???????(??4?????4?)
18
??Garcia et., 2005, JAS?4??????????
70km
??4???????????????????????2004?1-2?(???????)
???
??1?????????4.3??????2004?1-2?
19
GCM??4?????
Watanabe et al., 2009, JGR

??1?3???????????8?
8?(?????)?????dQ/dy?4?????(???)
4????????????8???????
20
GCM??4??(?)

4????????????height??0.1hPa
????
???(?)???????????(?)
4???????
21
7-4???????????????
???????????????? Hartmann???U180, f 0 60,
B?????????????PV-gradient
Nimbus 4 and 5 ?radiance???????? s 2
??????????????????12?????????????????(50S?????????
????????)?Venne and Stanford, J. Atmos. Sci., 1982
100m/s
??
????
?????U180, f 0 45, B8??????????17????????50S???
???????
22
1983??????NMC??????
?????(2mb, 1983)???????????
??2?????????10???????????Shiotani et al., Q. J.
R. Met. Soc., 1990?
??2?????
H
H
??2????????-??????20 Oct. 1983, ???????????
dQ/dy, ??83/9/21-30???
Height???????7-17, Oct.1983, 10mb
23
7-5Kelvin-Helmholtz???
????????
KH????????
???????????????????Kelvin-Helmholtz???????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
???????
?????G???????????????????????????????w0??????
Lindzen, JGR, 1974??
???????
??????KH??????????????????????????????2???????????
???????
????????????
????U??????????c?????????k?????????
???????ci gt 0??????
Howard, 1961, JFM????????????
????
??????? (????????????c????????U-c ?0????)
????????? ???0?????????KH????????????
24
K-H?????????????????????(??????)
Ferretti et al. (1988, Met. Atmos. Phys.)
00GMT/11/Apr, 1979, April????850mb, 300mb????????
??????????(???B)????????????(00/11/Apr?1????)
0235, 11/Apr, 1979?????????
25
200km???????3?????????????????
???????????
????
????
???
?????????????(?)?????(?)???(?)???(?)
??????(10km???????Ri?????????)?0211 11/Apr
26
K-H??????????????????
?????( 0.2S, 100.32E)??????K-H????Yamamoto et.
al., GRL, 2003, ??????2001?11?????????????????????
????????shear, Ri????????????????????????????lt????
?????????X????
???
w
???
???
Ri
Nov.2001???
11?