Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma

• Impact of Late Stage Liver Cancer on Organ Systems

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Frequency of Liver Cancer

• 20,000 U.S. diagnoses/year
• Common in Africa and Asia
• Lethal (75 fatality)
• Average patient is 50-years-old

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Increase in Liver Cancer Diagnosis

• Rate of diagnosis increasing rapidly
• Due to Hepatitis B and C
• 4,000,000 Americans have Hep C
• Hep C?chronic viral infection?liver cancer

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Location
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Location
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Structure
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Function

• Produces
• Bile for digestion
• Clotting factors
• Essential proteins
• Regulates cholesterol
• Detoxifies drugs and poisons

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How Does a Cell Become Cancerous?

1. Cirrhosis
2. Oncogenes turned on
3. Wrong protein synthesis
4. Proteins interfere with cell cycle
5. Cell continues to divide without bounds

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Cirrhosis
Immature, non-functional cells
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The Cell Cycle
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Change in Liver Tissue

• Abnormal cells form millions of clones?tumor
• Benign
• Malignant/cancerous
• Spongy, blood-rich tissue

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Types of Liver Tumors

• Benign
• Hemangioma?collection of abnormal blood vessels
• Adenoma?clump of liver tissue

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Types of Liver Tumors

• Malignant
• Hepatocellular carcinoma?comes from liver tissue
  itself (80 of cases)
• Cholangiocarcinoma?comes from bile ducts (15 of
  cases)
• Klatskin tumor?cholangiocarcinoma at junction of
  liver and gall bladder
• Angiosarcoma?from blood vessels in the liver
• Lymphoma?from immune cells in liver
• Carcinoids?from hormone-producing liver cells