Giving Proper Credit to Sources

1
Giving Proper Credit to Sources

• Taken from Mrs. Fitch
• English 11

2
Why do I need to give sources credit?

• If you do not give the sources of your research
  proper credit, you are STEALING their
  information and ideas. This is called PLAGIARISM.
• Stealing ideas and information is a serious
  offense.
• Colleges and universities will KICK YOU OUT OF
  SCHOOL for plagiarizing.
• In very serious cases, people who plagiarize may
  earn JAIL TIME and have to PAY SERIOUS FINES.
• In this class, failing to give sources credit
  will result in EARNING A ZERO.

3
When should I credit sources?

• You must give credit to the source for your
  information EACH AND EVERY TIME you use
  information from that source.
• It doesnt matter how much information you use,
  you must acknowledge the source of the
  information.
• All borrowed ideas and information must give
  credit to the source. This includes ALL
  paraphrases, summaries, and quotations.

4
How do I credit sources?

• In MLA format, the proper way to give credit to a
  source is by using in-text citation.
• In-text citation means that you give credit to
  the source of your information in the body of
  your paper.
• AFTER EACH AND EVERY PIECE OF BORROWED
  INFORMATION you must include an in-text
  citation.

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How do I create in-text citations?

• Start by including the borrowed information you
  want to use.
• Once you have included all the borrowed
  information FROM A SINGLE SOURCE you should
  include an in-text citation.
• At the end of the information, but before the
  punctuation mark at the end of the sentence, put
  the authors last name and the page number of the
  information in (parentheses).
• The authors last name and the page number should
  NOT have a comma between them.

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Examples of In-Text Citations

• As of December 2000, twenty countries were
  restricting use of cell phones in moving vehicles
  (Sundeen 8). (example of using paraphrased
  information)
• Under Maryland law, he could only find the
  defendant guilty of negligent driving and impose
  a 500 fine (Layton C1). (example of using
  summarized information)
• Morgans mother, Patti Pena, reports that the
  driver ran a stop sign at 45 mph, broad-sided my
  vehicle and killed Morgan as she sat in her car
  seat (Besthoff 5). (example of using quoted
  information)

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What if

• The examples you just saw are standard examples
  of in-text citations. However, sometimes you may
  be missing information. Here are instructions for
  the following situations
• If you name your author in a signal phrase
  (According to Jane Smith), you DO NOT need to
  name them again in the citation. Just include the
  page number in the citation.
• According to Jane Smith, he killed that poor
  little girl because he was distracted (17).
• If your source did not have an author, use a
  short form of the title and the page number in
  the citation.
• As of 2001, at least 300 cities had considered
  regulating cell-phone usage in vehicles
  (Lawmakers 2).

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What if

• If your information did not have a page number,
  just leave it out. Include the authors name in
  your citation.
• The California Highway Patrol opposes
  restrictions on the use of phones while driving
  (Jacobs).
• This is especially common with INTERNET SOURCES.
• If you have two or more titles by the same
  author, use the title of the source in the
  citation, NOT THE AUTHORS NAME.
• If you have a source with two or three authors,
  include all their last names in the citation.
• (Redelmeier and Tibshirani 453)

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What if

• If you have a source with four or more authors,
  name only the first authors name, followed by
  et al.
• (Blaine et al. 35)
• If a company or government agency is listed as
  the author, name that company or agency in the
  citation.
• (California Office of Highway Patrol 77)
• If you have two authors with the same last name,
  use the authors first initial and last name in
  the citation.
• (D. Smith 63)
• (J. Smith 85)

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What if

• If your source is an encyclopedia or dictionary,
  include the word or entry you are referencing in
  the citation.
• (Crocodile)
• If you use more than one volume of a multi-volume
  work, list the author, then the volume followed
  by a colon and the page number.
• (Birchfield 2237)
• If your source came from an anthology (a book
  with lots of article by lots of authors), list
  the author of the article in the citation, not
  the editor.
• If you are using a sacred text (like the Bible),
  include the name of the source, the book, the
  chapter, and the verse in the citation.
• (Holy Bible, Prov. 25.21)

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A few more things

• Remember that you must include citations for all
  sources in the text AND in your works cited. It
  is a matching game. If there is a citation in the
  body of your paper, I should be able to find it
  in the works cited.
• If you have a long quote (takes up more than
  three TYPED lines of your paper, you must use a
  block quote. To create a block quote, hit enter
  to go to the next line, and hit the tab key like
  you are starting a new paragraph. Indent ALL
  LINES OF THE QUOTE and include the citation at
  the end.