Conflicts in the Middle East

1
Conflicts in the Middle East

• Chapter 18 / Section 4

2
Palestine and Israel

• After World War II Palestine is divided, causing
  disputes in the Middle East. WHY?
• 1) Jews claim the lands as their homelands.
  (Since Christ alive)
• 2) Palestinians say their land since they drove
  the Jews out in 135 A.D.
• (Both Muslim and Christian)

3
Palestine and Israel (contd)

• Balfour Declaration, a British document written
  stating support of a Jewish homeland in
  Palestine.
• Written in 1917 the British were trying to
  appease the Jews.
• However, they fail until 1947 after WWII. The
  United Nations then decides to divide. Jerusalem
  is to be the international city owned by neither.

4
Israel and the Arab States in Conflict

• Finally May 14, 1948 Israel is created. (David
  Ben Gurion)
• The next day six Arab nations invade Israel.
  However, the Jews hold them off with American
  support.
• Many invasions occur after.
• Israel gaining more land from fights.

5
Israel and the Arab States in Conflict (contd)

• Suez Crisis (1956) Egypt seizes the Suez Canal.
  WHY?
• Israel rages war against Egypt however,
  encouraged to cease.
• Six-Day War (1967) occurs when Nasser ready to
  confront Israel.
• Six days later Israel controls Jerusalem.

6
Israel and the Arab States in Conflict (contd)

• The 1973 War surprise attack on Israel.
  (Yom Kippur)
• Anwar Sadat, president of Egypt.
• Golda Meir, Israel Prime Minister.

7
Trading Land for Peace

• After many wars Sadat in 1977 offers peace to
  Israel.
• However, for peace he tells Prime Minister
  Menachem Begin he must do two things.
• 1) Recognize rights of Palestinians.
• 2) Give territory back seized in 1967 war.

8
Trading Land for Peace

• Finally in 1979 Israel and Egypt sign the Camp
  David Accords.
• Egypt is first Arab country to recognize Israel.
  Angers others.
• Sadat assassinated, but Hosni Mybarak, Egyptian
  Prime Minister keeps peace with Israel.

9
The Palestinians Demand Independence

• Struggle for peace with Israelis. Led to creation
  of the PLO, Palestine Liberation Organization.
  Led Yasir Arafat

10
The Palestinians Demand Independence (contd)

• Israeli / Palestinian Peace Timeline
• 1987 Palestinians start civil disobedience
  campaign for rights.
• 1991 meet for peace talks.
• Sept. 1993 Agreement for peace reached giving
  Palestinians self-rule in the Gaza Strip and West
  Bank. (Rabin killed for in 1995)
• PROBLEM OVER?