Dynamics of Change

1
Dynamics of Change

• By Dan F.

2
Essential Questions

• What are the causes of discontent in Russia
  during the 1800s?
• How did the government respond to the demands for
  reform?
• How did industrialization affect Russia?

3
Russian Expansion

• Late 1500s Ivan IV opens the way into Siberia
• 1680s Russia controls all of Siberia
• The region was a source of fur, farmland, and
  mineral resources
• Became the place of punishment
• Rulers sent political prisoners and criminals
  into exile in this distant land, using their
  labor to develop its rich resources

4
Russian Expansion

• Expansion turned the country into a multinational
  empire
• Russian expansion alarmed other European powers
• Created tension between them eventually
  triggered war

5
Revolt and Repression

• The Decembrist Revolt
• A small group of nobles army officers tried to
  overthrow the government in December 1825
• Hoped to set up a constitutional monarchy
• Czar Nicholas I quickly crushes the uprising
• He executed 5 leaders exiled the rest to
  Siberia
• He responded to the revolt with brutal repression
• Imposed stric censorship, targeted schools
  universities as center of unrest
• Burned books from the west that might contain
  liberal ideas

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Revolt and Repression

• Nicholas did make reforms in th legal system, but
  made no real change in his government however
• He enforced Russian nationalism loyalty to the
  autocracy the Russian Orthodox Church
• By promoting these goals, he tried to unite his
  vast multinational empire
• Nationalistic policies of the czar encouraged
  antisemitism
• Jews suffered legal discrimination
• Laws forced them to live in certain areas
• Limited access to education jobs

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Limited Reform
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Effects of Industrialization
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Revolutionary Movements

• In the mid-1860s
• Most revolutionaries came from Russia's small but
  growing educated class
• They wanted to overthrow the czar and establish
  socialism in Russia
• When efforts to win popular support failed
  radical groups turned to terrorism
• They assassinated Czar Alexander II killed
  prominent officials
• Alexander III resorted to repression to stop the
  revolutionaries

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Revolutionary Movements

• Marxism
• According to Marx, factory workers, not peasants,
  would lead the socialist revolution
• Were very few Marxists in Russia
• They organize slowly won support from members
  of the working class

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Bloody Sunday
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Revolution of 1905

• The events of Bloody Sunday horrified Russians
  sparked the revolution of 1905
• Riots strikes swept the cities
• Peasants looted burned homes of landowners, in
  the countryside
• To end violence the czar agreed to set up an
  elected assembly called the Duma to make other
  minor reforms
• The Dums had little power the reforms failed to
  resolve Russia's basic problems
• Since an autocratic ruler was in power,
  inequality and repression remained