Two different types of and-phrases:

1
??,???????????????????!????????????????????
?????,??????????????,??????,?????????!????????????
??????????????????????????????,?????????????????
???????????????????????????????
2
???????????????????????????????,?????????????????
???????????????????,????????????
????,????????????????,?????????????????!
3
Two different types of and-phrases

• Type 1 the two elements joined by and are both
  valid they both contribute to the meaning of the
  phrase
• manly and beastly valormanly valor and
  also beastly valor
• Type 2 the two elements joined by and are
  redundant they have the same one meaning
• polished and sharpened refined and
  cultured

4
Classical rhetoric in expository writing a
three-step pattern

• 1. Introduction(beginning) opening remark,
  presenting the problem in question
• 2. Body (development)
• (1) defensing ones point
• take a definite stand (theme) look at
  different aspects of the problem (division)
  support his thesis with specific evidence
  (confirming of statement)
• (2) refuting opponents views

5

• try to assail the weak points in the
  opponentss views, prevent the opposite point of
  views from getting the upper hand
• 3. Conclusion (the close)
• reinforcing his own claim

6
Unit Six DULL WORK

• 1. Introduction (para. 1)
• focus on dull workthe so-called problem
• 2. Body (development)
• with a point-by-point and step-by-step way
  of reasoning, succeeds in defensing his ideas and
  confuting opposite views
• 4 points (aspects)

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• Point 1
• people who achieve much do not
  necessarily live eventful lives
• Point 2
• the ability to turn trivial experiences
  into inspirations for creative work makes a truly
  creative
• Point 3
• an eventful life exhausts a creative man
  rather than stimulate his drive for creation

8

• Point 4
• how the author himself benefited from his
  dull work experience
• 3. Conclusion
• Language points
• 1.??????? ????
• 2.(?)????,?????
• 3.????????,???,??

9

• ??????????????,??????????????????
• 4. ???????????110???????????????
• 5. ?????????????
• 6. ???????,?????????????
• 7. ???????????????

10

• 1. He is the sort of person who thrives on hard
  work.
• 2. He that will thrive must rise at five.
• 3. As the proverb goes If a good man thrives,
  all thrive with him, why dont we just let some
  people thrive first, for chances are that most of
  them are good men.
• 4. The city is today a modern, thriving
  metropolis of more than 1.1 million inhabitants.

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• 5. The drizzle has been transmuted into thin
  layers of mist.
• 6. In the scorching summer heat, we could hardly
  stave off after-lunch drowsiness.
• 7. Do you think that religion is compatible with
  science?

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Sentence structure

• 1. English sentence
• subject predicate (finite verb)
• (1) non-finite verb
• infinitive, participle, gerund
• (2) abstract noun
• (3) preposition
• (4) attributive clause

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• 1. He took his students to the factory for a
  visit.
• 2. Given enough time, I can do it too.
• 3. Taking a dictionary, he began to prepare his
  lessons.
• 4. Thank you for offering us so much help.
• 5. A man who doesnt try to learn from others
  cant hope to achieve much.

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The isolation of the rural world, because of
distance and the lack of transport facilities, is
compounded by the paucity of the information
media.

• ?????,???????,??????????,???????????????????
  ???

15
The joy of laughing at a funny story is
universal, probably as old as language itself.

• ????????????,???,????????????????????????

16
Inadequate training for farmers and the
low productivity of many farms place the majority
of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position
in their own countries.
17
It is a curious fact, of which I can think of
no satisfactory explanation, that enthusiasm for
country life and love of natural scenery are
strongest and most widely diffused precisely in
those European countries which have the worst
climate and where the search for the picturesque
involves the greatest discomfort.
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Sentence weight

• 1. His chief contribution was making me realize
  how much more than knowledge I had been getting
  from him.
• 2. It was a keen disappointment when I had to
  postpone the visit which I intended to pay to
  China in January.

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• 3. The people of a small country can certainly
  defeat aggression by a big country, if only they
  dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms
  and grasp in the own hands the destiny of their
  own country.
• 4. Almost all of us believe that we live in an
  age of uncouth manners, that things were better
  in some previous era.

20

• ???????,????????,????????????????,?????????
  ???????????,??????????????????????????????????????
  ????,?????????????

21

• ?????????????????,????????????????,?????
  ??????????????????????????,?????,?????????????????
  ????,??????????????????????,???????????????????,??
  ??????????

22
??????????

• ?????????????????????,???????????????????
  ??,???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???

23

• ??????????????????????,????????????????,????????
  ???????????????????,????????????????,????????????
  ??????????????,??????????????????????????????????
  ????????,???????????

24
????????,???????????????
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Different ways of thinking

• 1. His passion carried him astray.
• 2. Neither sorrow nor regret followed my
  passionate outburst.
• 3. Memories of the historic and happy occasion
  still linger.
• 4. An idea suddenly struck him.
• 5. Her illness kept her in hospital four weeks.

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Unit Seven BEAUTY

• 1. WHAT is the notion of beauty held by the
  ancient Greeks?
• 2. What is modern attitude toward beauty?
• referring exclusively to superficial
  enchantment of a female
• 3. Tracing the changes/distortion of the
  words meaning

27

• Greeks
• overall excellence/healthy integrity of
  inside and outside
• Christianity
• superficial enchantment
• Present-day English
• women appearance

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Several sets of comparison

• 1. Female beauty man handsomeness
• 2. Female perfection male blemish
• 3. The power to do the power to attract

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Be detrimental to without detriment to to the
detriment of pass muster

• 1. Slipshod work would never pass muster.
• 2. With fashionable clothes and good make-up she
  might have passed muster.