Progressivism Under Taft

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Tuesday, October 21
Do-Now First, take out your history binders and homework. Leave them on your desk. Pick up a piece of chalk on the blackboard. Contribute at least 1 item to the Know or Want to know chart, regarding the 2008 election. Objective To analyze / understand the progressive Reforms enacted under William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson.
Agenda Do-Now Homework Check K-W-L Election Discussion Notes on Progressivism under Taft and Wilson Homework Read Chapter 18, Section 3Create a venn diagram comparing the policies of Wilson and Taft (Quiz!!!) Get to work on your current event due Friday! Dont Forget Quiz Thursday
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Thursdays Quiz will cover

• Roosevelt
• Taft
• Wilson
• Womens Suffrage
• Study Chapter 18, Much of Sections 2-4

Then we will finally be moving on from the
Progressive Era!!! )
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Friday you will need a Current Event Election
2008

• Based on our K-W-L Chart created in class, select
  an article which addresses one of the Ws Print
  or clip your article and staple to your summary /
  response with your name/date/pd.
• Write a detailed summary (one full paragraph or
  more) and prepare a 1-to-2 minute lesson on
  your topic to share with the class.
• In other words Research the topic! Give us the
  whole story! Dont simply look for the shortest
  article around!!!

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PROGRESSIVISMTafts Wilsons Administrations
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Quickie Roosevelt Review

• What were Roosevelts motives for attacking the
  Northern Securities Company?
• Was he opposed to all big business?
• What supposedly dead law did he revive in order
  to prosecute the trusts?

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President Taft

• Hand-picked by TR wins the 1908 election
• - pledges to carry on TRs Progressive program

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Taft and Progressivism Mixed Results

• Alienates progressives by not appointing any to
  cabinet
• Payne-Aldrich Tariff
• Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
• Ballinger (Secretary of Interior) opposed
  protection of natural resources in West sided
  with businesses
• Pinchot (Head of US Forest Service) promoted
  scientific management of wilderness designed
  many of TRs conservation policies
• 1909 Ballinger allowed businesses to obtain
  several acres of Alaskan public lands
• Pinchot protests to Congressional committee
  charging Ballinger with corruption
• Taft fires Pinchot angering TR and other
  progressives

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Turmoil in the Republican Party

• TR returns from African Safari to hear cries of
  protests criticisms of Taft
• TR campaigns for the Progressives during Midterm
  Elections in order for them to regain control of
  the House
• By the election of 1912, TR has had it.
  Nominated for presidency by the Progressive Party
  (nickname Bull Moose Party when TR announces he
  feels fit as a bull moose!!)

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Election of 1912

• Bull Moose Party TRReform platform
• Tariff reduction
• Womens suffrage
• More regulation of business
• Child labor ban
• 8 hour workday
• Direct election of senators
• -Ran a tough campaign

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Who did it?

• Friends, I shall ask you to be as quiet as
  possible. I dont know whether you fully
  understand that I have just been shot but it
  takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.
• showed his blood-stained shirt, then continued
  his speech

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Election of 1912

• Taft the Republican Party
• Complaints about job threatened to overshadow his
  presidency
• Reserved more public lands
• Brought more antitrust suits in 4 years than TR
  in 7
• Supported Childrens Bureau
• 16 and 17th amendments
• Mann-Elkins Act of 1910
• Despite all this, he remained at odds with the
  Republican Progressives

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Election of 1912

• Democratic Party Wilsons New Freedom
• Political background NJ governor
• Ran on reform platform with many of the same
  reforms as TR
• Criticized big business big government

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Election of 1912

• Four-way Election
• Roosevelt Bull Moose (progressive) Party
• Taft Republican Party
• Wilson Democratic Party
• Eugene V. Debs (labor leader) Socialist Party
• Republican vote split between Taft and TR
• Wilson wins presidential race only won 42 of
  popular vote, but won the electoral vote by a
  landslide

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President Wilson

• Believed his duty was to promote major
  legislation
• Underwood Tariff Act (1913)
• Signed into law the Federal Income Tax (16th
  amendment)
• Attacked trusts
• Clayton Antitrust Act
• Federal Trade Commission (1914)

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President Wilson

• Federal Reserve System (1913)
• Divided country into 12 districts each with a
  Federal Reserve Bank owned by its member banks
• Supervised by a Federal Reserve Board
• Supreme Court Nomination Louis D. Brandeis
• the peoples lawyer
• First Jewish Supreme Court Nominee
• Approved by Congress marks peak of
  progressivism
• Wins second term
• Runs on slogan that he had kept the country out
  of WWI
• Barely defeats Republican nominee, Charles Evans
  Hughes

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• Wilsons New Freedom plan was an attack on the
  triple wall of privilege the trusts, the
  tariffs and high finance
• Underwood Tariff of 1913 eliminated or lowered
  protective tariffs for big business and created
  the first income tax law after the passage of the
  sixteenth amendment allowing for the income tax.
• Federal Reserve Act of 1913 - created 12 Federal
  Reserve Districts each with a Bank for banks (not
  individuals) and a Federal Reserve Board to run
  the banks.
• Clayton Anti-trust Act of 1914 Could not prevent
  buyers from purchasing goods from competitors
• Price cutting forbidden as well as some rebates
• Unions could not be regarded as illegal combos in
  restraint of trade under antitrust laws
• Legalized unions their key weapons strikes,
  picketing, boycotts
• Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 set up the
  Federal Trade Commission as a watch-dog agency to
  investigate violations of regulatory laws.

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Limits on Progressivism

• Progressives redefined and enlarged role of
  government
• Some supported immigration limits literacy
  tests
• Little action to pursue social justice reforms
• Extended Jim Crow practices AA ignored
• Initially opposed womens suffrage

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