???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? (Species ) .?????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? , ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title:

???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? (Species ) .?????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? , ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

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Title: - Author: Adi Young Last modified by: Created Date: 5/23/2002 1:37:25 PM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? (Species ) .?????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? , ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????.


1
??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.
??????????? ?????? ?????? ???, ????? ?????? ???
????? ?????????, ?? ???? ??? ????? .
???????????
  • ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???
    ( ???? ???? ???? ).
  • ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? (Species
    ) .?????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ,
    ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

2
???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????
????????? ???? ???????????
??? 46
????? 32
???? ????? 8
????? ???? 14
???? ???? 48
??????? 78
??? 78
???? 48
??? 48
3
  • ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?
  • ?.
  • ?.
  • ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???,????? ?? ????? ????
    ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????.
  • ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????
    ???????- n .
  • ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???
    ????????? ???????- n2 .
  • 2. ??? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?

4
??????? ????- ???? ??????????? ?? ????.
  • ?????? ???????? ?????http//www.ama-assn.org/ama/
    upload/images/36/karyotype.jpg
  • ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ???
    ??????? ?? 5000. ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????
    ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ????????.
  • ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????
    ????.
  • ?????????? ??????????- ?????????? ??????? ????
    ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????.
  • ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????
    ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???,
    ??????? ????? ????? ??????.
  • 3. ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????
    ??"??

5
???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???
???????

3
1 2
5
?
?
?
4
6
?
8
9
7
?
?
?
6
  • 4. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ??
    ???? ?? ????? ??????.
  • ?? ???, ????, ???, ????, ?? ???? ?????
    ??????, ?? ????, ??????, ???? , ???????( ???
    ???? ????? ???????).
  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 5. ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????
    ??????
  • 6. ???? ??? ?? ????- ??? ??? ???????? ( n ) ??
    ????????? ( n2 ) .
  • 7. ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????????
    ???????? ??? ????
  • ?????? ?????? ??? ???

7
????? ????? 7
  • ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????
    ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????
    ?????- n ??????????. ??????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ??
    ???? ?? 46 ?????????? 2n)), ???? ???? ?? ?? 23
    ?????????? ((n.
  • ?????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??? ???, ???????
    ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????
    ????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????
    ??????? ,?? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ?? ?????
    ??? ???? ??? 2n ??????????, ???? ???????????
    ?????? ??????? ??? ?????, ????? ??? ?? 4n
    ?????????? ????? 2n ??????????,??? ??? ??? ????
    ???? ?? ????? ???, ???? ????? ??? ???.

8
?????? ??????
  • ??????- ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????
    ??????????, ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????
    ?????.
  • ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????. ??
    ???????? ????? ???? ????????? , ??????? ????????.
  • ????? ??? ??????? ???????.
  • 2n ( 4n) 2n 2n

9
  • ?????-????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????
    ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????? ??????.
  • ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????????,
    ??????? ??? ?????? ??????, ???????? ??????
    ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???, ?????? ??????
    ?????????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???.
  • ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????.
  • 2n ( 4n) n n n n

10
  • 8. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? 5 , ??? ??? ???? ?????
    ?????? ?? ??????
  • ??? ????? ???? "???? ??? ??????" ??? ???.
  • ???? ??? ?? ??? ??
  • ?.
  • ?.
  • ?.
  • ?.
  • ?.
  • ?.
  • ?.

11
???? ??????? ???????
  • ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
  • www.zinman.org.il/html/bio/ta/mitozis.html
  • ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????
  • www.zinman.org.il/html/bio/ta/an.html
  • www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/dna1/src/mpage2
    .html
  • ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.
  • www.zinman.org.il/html/bio/ta/miozis.html
  • www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/dna1/src/mepage
    1.html
  • ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????
  • www.imsa.edu/edu/chemistry/mit-mei-osisimages/mito
    sismeiosis.gif
  • http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlbiology.clc
    .uc.edu/graphics/bio104/sm-meiomove.gifimgrefurl
    http//biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/meiomito.
    htmh200w200prev/images3Fq3Dmeiosis26start
    3D8026svnum3D1026hl3Den26lr3D26ie3DUTF82
    6oe3DUTF826sa3DN

12
??????
13
?????
14
  • 9. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????- ?????????
    ?????. ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ( ?? / ??? ).
  • 10. ???
  • ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????
  • ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????

?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
????? ?????????? ???? ??????
?????? ?????????? ??????????
????? ?????????? ??????????
????? ?????????
???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????????
???? ?????????? ???? ???
15
???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????
??????? ?
????????- ??????? DNA ?? ????? ???????
????????. ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????
???? ???? ????? ??? ???.
16
??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????
  • ????-
  • 46 ?????????? n2
  • 44 ???????????? ????? ?????? ???????, ??? 22
    ????? ?????????.
  • 2 ??????????? ???????
  • - ????? ?? ????? ?? ???. ??? ??? ???
    ???? ??? ?????, ??????? ????????? X .
  • - ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???, ????
    ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? X,????? ??? ??????
    ?????? ??????. ???????? ?? ?????Y .
  • ???????? X ?- Y , ??????? ?? ?????? , ??????
    ???????? ?????.
  • 44 ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.
  • ???? ??? 44 ????????? X Y.
  • ????? ??? 44 ????????? X X .
  • ????, ?????? ???????? Y ????? ???????? ???. ( ?-
    1987 ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? Y )

17
  • 10. ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????
    ?? ????? ?????? ???.
  • 11. ??? ?????? ????? ( ?????? ????????? ????? )
    ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????
    ????
  • 12.??? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ????? ??????????
    ?????? ????
  • 13. ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
    ????? ?????
  • 14. ?? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???
    ?? ??? ???? ???????? X?
  • 15. ?? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???
    ?? ??? ???? ???????? Y?
  • 16. ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
    ?
  • 17.?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???
    ?

18
??????? ????? ??????????-
  • ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????
    ???????? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????????
    ?????? ???? ?-46.
  • ?? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??
    ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?- 23 ??????????.
    ????? ???? ????? ???? ?-
  • ?. ????????? ????.
  • ?. ?????????? ?????????.

19
?. ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????
????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????
?????? ???? Turner Syndrome 44 XO ???? ????
?????? ????????? Klinefelter Syndrome 44 XXY ???
20
?. ????? ?????? ????? ??????????
????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????
?????? ???? Down Syndrome 45 ( ????? ???????? 21 ) 2 XX ?? XY ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ????????
21
  • 19. ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????
    ?????? ??????? ???? 19, 20 ???? ?????? ?????
    ????

????? ???? ??????????? ??????
?????? ????
?????? ?????????
?????? ????
22
20. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? (
??????/ ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????) ????.
21. ???/? ?????
???????? ?? ?????? ??"?. ?. ???? 2 ??????
?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????. ?. ??????
???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? . ?.
???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????.???? ?????
??????http//images.google.com
http//www.amalnet.k12.ilhttp//www.snunit.k12.i
l
23
??? ?????? ???????
????????? ????/ ?????????
???? ??????
???? ?????
????? ???????????
????? ????? ????
????? ?????? -?????
???????????
?? ?????
???????
???????? /?????????
????? ?????? ??????????
????? ?????? ?????????? ????
?? ???/????
????? ?????????
???? ?????? ????
24
????? ????? ?? ???? ???????
  • http//www.zinman.org.il
  • http//www.snunit.k12.il
  • http//www.cs.utexas.edu
  • http//www.imsa.edu
  • http//images.google.com
  • http//www.gdila.co.il
  • http//learn.snunit.k12.il
  • www.biology.arizona.edu
  • www.amalnet.k12.il
  • www.cet.ac.il
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