CBD High-Level Panel on Resource Assessment

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Living in harmony with nature
HIGH-LEVEL PANEL ON GLOBAL ASSESSMENT
OF RESOURCES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGIC PLAN
FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020
Findings and Recommendations Pyeongchang, 7
October 2014 Carlos M. Rodriguez Chair of the
High Level Panel
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Introduction to the High-Level Panel
For further information, visit http//www.cbd.int/
financial/hlp/or email hlp_at_cbd.int
In 2012, the first High-Level Panel reported on
Resourcing the Aichi Biodiversity Targets to
COP-11 It was estimated that one-off
investments account for between 60 and 70 of
the overall global resource needs for delivering
the Targets over the 2013 to 2020 period.
Through simple addition of the resource
requirements identified for each Target, the
costs for implementing the twenty Aichi
Biodiversity Targets were estimated at between
US 150 billion and US 440 billion per year.
However, it is expected that these resource
requirements neither should nor could be met by
biodiversity finance alone, and there is
potential for considerable synergies among the
Targets, so that coordinated action could
substantially reduce the total estimate.
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Results of the High-Level Panel (Phase I)
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Strategic Goal Target Investment needs (US million) Recurrent expenditure per annum (US million) Average annual expenditure (2013 2020) (US million)
A Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society 1 Awareness raising 54 440 1,400 280 890
A Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society 2 Biodiversity values 450 610 70 130 100 160
A Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society 3 Incentives 1,300 2,000 8 15 170 270
A Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society 4 Sustainable consumption production 55 107 8 15 12 23
B Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 5 Reducing habitat loss (forests and wetlands) 152,300 288,800 13,300 13,700 39,200 52,100
B Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 6 Fisheries 129,900 292,200 800 3,200 16,900 40,000
B Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 7 Sustainable Agriculture, Aquaculture and Forestry 20,800 21,700 10,700 11,000 13,200 13,600
B Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 8 Pollution 77,600 772,700 24,400 42,700 35,400 139,200
B Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 9 Invasive alien species 34,100 43,900 21,005 50,100 23,300 52,900
B Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 10 Coral reefs 600 960 6 10 80 130
C To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity 11 Protected areas (terrestrial and marine) 66,100 626,400 970 6,700 9,200 85,000
C To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity 12 Species conservation 3,400 4,800 3,400 4,800
C To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity 13 Genetic diversity 550 1,400 15 17 80 190
D Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services 14 Ecosystem restoration 30,000 299,900 3,750 37,500
D Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services 15 Restoration of forests 100 6,400 6,400
D Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services 16 Nagoya Protocol 55 313 7 39
E Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building 17 NBSAPs 114 1,100 110 560 50 170
E Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building 18 Traditional knowledge 210 340 210 340 210 340
E Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building 19 Science base 1,800 4,200 1,400 1,600 1,600 2,100
E Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building 20 Mobilisation of financial resources 10 79 3 20 4 30
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Introduction to the High-Level Panel
For further information, visit http//www.cbd.int/
financial/hlp/or email hlp_at_cbd.int
In Decision XI/4, COP-11 welcomed the initial
findings, and invited the Panel, in collaboration
with other relevant initiatives that could
provide a more bottom-up approach, to continue
its work with a broadened composition and to
report back on the results of its work to
COP-12. The High-Level Panel has been expanded
to create a regionally-balanced Panel of fifteen
members.
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The High-Level Panel
Africa Africa Africa
Madagascar Ms. Laurette H. Rasoavahiny Director Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Ministry of Environment and Forests
Botswana Dr. Hillary Masundire Senior Lecturer Department of Biological Sciences University of Botswana
South Africa Mr. Fundisile Mketeni Deputy Director General Biodiversity and Conservation Department of Environmental Affairs
Asia Asia Asia
Philippines Ms. Rina Maria P. Rosales Resource Economist Resources Environment Economic Center for Studies
China Mr. Wang Xin Director Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Environmental Protection
India Dr. A Damodaran Professor Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Management
Europe Europe Europe
Sweden Ms. Maria Schultz Director The Resilience and Development Programme (SwedBio), Stockholm Resilience Centre
Germany Dr. Heidi Wittmer Deputy Head of Department Department of Environmental Politics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)
United Kingdom Prof. Sir Robert Watson Co-Chair UK National Ecosystem Assessment
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The High-Level Panel
JUSSCANNZ JUSSCANNZ JUSSCANNZ
Norway Mr. Tom Rådahl Secretary General Ministry of the Environment
Canada Dr. Ussif Rashid Sumaila Director Fisheries Centre and Fisheries Economics Research Unit, University of British Columbia
South Korea Dr. Tae Yong Jung Professor Korea Development Institute (KDI) School of Public Policy and Management
Latin America Latin America Latin America
Costa Rica Mr. Carlos Manuel Rodriguez Vice President and Senior Advisor Global Policy Conservation International
Brazil Mr. Roberto Brandão Cavalcanti Secretary Biodiversity and Forests Ministry of Environment
Mexico Ms. Mariana Bellot Rojas Director General General Directorate for Institutional Development and Promotion, National Commission for Protected Areas
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REPRESENTATIVES OF UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS REPRESENTATIVES OF UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS REPRESENTATIVES OF UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
GEF Secretariat Mr. Mark Zimsky Senior Biodiversity Specialist Natural Resources
OECD Secretariat Dr. Katia Karousakis Economist Climate Change, Biodiversity and Development Division
TEEB Secretariat Dr. Salman Hussain Coordinator
UNDP Mr. Nik Sekhran Head of the Biodiversity Programme Bureau for Development Policy
UNDP Mr. Yves de Soye BIOFIN Manager
UNDP Ms. Jamison Ervin Technical Advisor
UNEP Mr. Bakary Kante Director Division of Environmental Law and Conventions
UNEP Mr. Alphonse Kambu Programme Officer Division of Environmental Law and Conventions
World Bank Dr. Valerie Hickey Biodiversity Specialist
RESEARCH TEAM REPRESENTATIVES RESEARCH TEAM REPRESENTATIVES RESEARCH TEAM REPRESENTATIVES
UNEP-WCMC Ms. Sarah Smith Senior Programme Officer Conventions and Policy Support
ICF GHK Mr. Matt Rayment Principal Consultant
ICF GHK Ms. Mavoureen Conway Senior Consultant
SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Mr. Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias Executive Secretary
Mr. Ravi Sharma Principal Officer Technical Support for Implementation
Mr. Tristan Tyrrell HLP Project Manager
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GOVERNMENT OBSERVERS GOVERNMENT OBSERVERS GOVERNMENT OBSERVERS
India Mr. Hem Pande Additional Secretary Biodiversity Programme Ministry of Environment and Forests
Japan Mr. Rikiya Konishi Deputy Director Global Biodiversity Strategy Office, Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministry of the Environment
Norway Ms. Tone Solhaug Senior Adviser Department for Biodiversity, Outdoor Recreation and Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Environment
United Kingdom Mr. Jeremy Eppel Deputy Director International Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Evidence Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
United Kingdom Mr. James Vause Economist, Biodiversity Natural Environment Economics Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
United Kingdom Mr. Richard Earley International Biodiversity Policy Advisor Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
European Commission Ms. Laure Ledoux Biodiversity Unit Directorate General for the Environment
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Mandate of the High-Level Panel
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Develop an assessment of the benefits of meeting
the Aichi targets, examining both direct
biodiversity benefits and wider benefits to
society that result from the investments and
policy developments required. Assess the range
of the costs of implementing the activities
needed to achieve the targets, taking into
account the further work proposed in the High
Level Panel report to COP-11. Identify
opportunities to secure the benefits most cost
effectively through actions in both the
biodiversity sector and across economies as a
whole that can mobilize / make better use of
resources, to deliver greatest progress towards
meeting the Aichi targets.
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Key Messages of the High-Level Panel (Phase 2)
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financial/hlp/or email hlp_at_cbd.int

• Meeting the Aichi Targets will deliver
  substantial benefits to peoples and the economies
  across the world
• There is strong evidence of the benefits of
  biodiversity action for society across a wide
  range of Aichi targets, for all types of
  ecosystems and for all regions of the world.
• 2. Biodiversity contributes to sustainable
  development
• Investments in biodiversity and in the
  implementation of the Aichi Targets will deliver
  significant co-benefits for sustainable
  development.
• Achieving the Aichi targets will help to create
  jobs and revenue flows and support new economic
  and business opportunities.

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Key Messages of the High-Level Panel (Phase 2)
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• 3. Biodiversity contributes to climate
  mitigation, adaptation and resilience
• The potential for enhancing synergies between the
  Aichi Targets and policies to address climate
  change is still not fully utilised and there is
  significant scope for improvements in this
  regard.
• Investments in biodiversity can strengthen the
  provision of ecosystem services on which
  vulnerable communities depend
• Biodiversity action needs to take account of
  distributional impacts, to ensure that benefits
  for poor and vulnerable communities are secured.

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Key Messages of the High-Level Panel (Phase 2)
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• Biodiversity provides insurance value
•  
• Investments in biodiversity can provide insurance
  against uncertain and accelerating future
  environmental change, and maintain and enhance
  future development options.
• The World Economic Forum Global Risks report
  found that five of the eight worst global risks
  are ecosystem-based. Taking insufficient action
  to address biodiversity loss will risk losing
  current and future benefits that could become
  vital in the future.
• Enhancing synergies, addressing trade-offs and
  promoting alignments across sectoral policies are
  prerequisites for effective implementation of the
  Aichi Targets and of major importance for
  resource mobilization
•  
• Mainstreaming of biodiversity into wider policy
  agendas, plans and budgets, offers significant
  opportunities for more efficient policy-making
  processes and co-funding. Efforts to capture the
  broad range of biodiversity values in accounting
  and reporting systems can advance the
  implementation of the Aichi Targets.

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Key Messages of the High-Level Panel (Phase 2)
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financial/hlp/or email hlp_at_cbd.int

• All countries need to invest in institutions and
  policy frameworks, direct conservation and
  sustainable use actions, incentives and economic
  instruments
• Developing and operationalising cohesive,
  well-designed institutions, and effective policy
  frameworks that are a prerequisite for effective
  and efficient biodiversity financing systems.
• Design and implementation of appropriate policy
  and financial instruments is essential to halt
  the loss of biodiversity
• Much can be gained by phasing-out perverse
  incentives and unsustainable practices, good
  land-use and marine planning and the development
  of green fiscal policies.

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Key Messages of the High-Level Panel (Phase 2)
For further information, visit http//www.cbd.int/
financial/hlp/or email hlp_at_cbd.int

• The monetary and non-monetary benefits of
  biodiversity conservation and sustainable use far
  outweigh the costs
• The top-down estimates of resource needs in the
  High-Level Panels first report are broadly
  consistent with available assessments at the
  national, regional and global levels. This
  translates to investment requirements ranging
  from 0.08 to 0.25 of global GDP.
• There is a need to increase investments
  substantially to bridge financing gaps
• Closing the financial gap can only be achieved
  through realigning existing expenditures with
  biodiversity objectives, particularly those which
  currently lead to biodiversity loss, and improved
  sectoral integration

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Recommended actions
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financial/hlp/or email hlp_at_cbd.int

• Assess financing baselines, needs and gaps, and
  the full range of potential financing sources
  (using the BIOFIN initiative approach), and
  identify opportunities for improving
  cost-effectiveness in national biodiversity
  expenditure
• Develop strategies and policies to bridge the
  biodiversity finance gap with a broadened base of
  sustained and predictable sources of finance
  including more ambitious and scaled-up policy
  tools such as
• Payments for Ecosystem Services
• Offsets
• tradable permits
• other instruments such as spatial planning,
  quotas and restrictions
• policies for the elimination of environmentally
  harmful subsidies.
• Biodiversity investments in marine, freshwater
  and terrestrial ecosystems need to be understood,
  presented and recognised as solutions to wider
  problems and challenges.

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Recommended actions
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1. When developing sustainable development goals and
   plans, countries should identify actions through
   which mainstreaming biodiversity can directly
   contribute to achieving such objectives and goals
2. As part of broader mainstreaming efforts,
   countries should further enhance the links
   between climate change policies, projects and
   programmes and biodiversity conservation and
   sustainable use.
3. Governments should convene broad dialogue among
   governmental, private and civil society actors on
   the arguments for the integration of conservation
   and sustainable use principles into various
   sectors
4. The in-kind contributions of indigenous peoples
   and local communities collective actions,
   efforts and knowledge should be respected and
   taken into account when designing, resourcing and
   implementing interventions.

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Recommended actions
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financial/hlp/or email hlp_at_cbd.int

1. Human and institutional capacity development
   programmes should include an increased focus on
   the sharing of practical knowledge and experience
   in developing effective policies and instruments
   for mainstreaming
2. Countries should integrate into training,
   education and capacity building programmes,
   awareness of the economic rationale for action
   for biodiversity and ecosystem services, and
   their role in achieving sustainable development.
3. Countries should include robust and verifiable
   baselines and indicators on the status and trends
   of biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem
   services that will help to track and evaluate the
   benefits of investments and promote their uptake
   more broadly.
4. Investments should be made in improved knowledge
   generation regarding the insurance value of
   biodiversity and better learning processes for
   adaptive governance of ecosystems to avoid
   dangerous tipping points and regime shifts

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The Costa Rica example
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