Women

1
Womens Liberation Movement
2
Learning Targets

• Place Womens Liberation in historical context
• Understand the major gains and losses of the
  Womens Liberation Movement
• Evaluate gender equality today
• Determine arguments both for and against the
  Womens Liberation Movement and the ERA.

3
The Liberation of Marcia Brady

• Men roles/stereotypes

• Women roles/stereotypes

• Examples of discrimination

4
The Liberation of Marcia Brady

• What was the purpose of the womens liberation
  movement?
• What did Marcia do to fight for equal rights?
• Do you think Marcia succeeded?
• What stereotypes of girls/boys did you see?
• Would you have joined the Frontier Scouts or the
  Sunflower Girls to prove a point? Why or why not?

5
1920 19th Amendment passed

• Women can vote
• Movement stalls during Great Depression

6
1940s WWII Rosie the Riveter

• women work outside home in war effort
• Asked to return home
• after WWII

Raspberries for Tojo. Right now, thats more
important than anything else to Rosie the
Riveter. but theyll come a day when a lot of the
good new things of peace-time will become more
important to Rosie the Housewife
--Monsanto Chemicals Ad Bureau
of Women Workers 1945 survey found that75 of
working women wanted to continue working.
7
1950s Domestic Decade

• women in traditional roles (wife, mother)

Propaganda, TV and ads advertised the perfect
mother!
8
The Good Wife Guide

• What do these excerpts suggest about gender roles?

9
The Good Wives Guidefrom the Ladies Homemaker
Monthly

1. Read your assigned rule(s).
2. Summarize the rule in your own words.
3. What are your reactions to this rule? Think of
   your own household and experiences.
4. Pick someone to share the rule and your groups
   views.

10
A Good Wife in the 50s
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HOW TO BE A GOOD WIFE Home Economics High School
Text Book, 1954     Have dinner ready. Plan
ahead, even the night before, to have a delicious
meal, on time. This is a way of letting him know
that you have been thinking about him and are
concerned about his needs. Most men are hungry
when they come home and the prospect of a good
meal are part of the warm welcome needed.  
Prepare yourself. Take 15 minutes to rest so
that you'll be refreshed when he arrives. Touch
up your makeup, put a ribbon in your hair and be
fresh-looking. He has just been with a lot of
work-weary people. His boring day may need a
lift.   Clear away the clutter. Make one last
trip through the main part of the home just
before your husband arrives, gather up
schoolbooks, toys, paper, etc. Then run a dust
cloth over the tables. Your husband will feel he
has reached a haven of rest and order, and it
will give you a lift, too.   Prepare the
children. Take a few minutes to wash the
children's hands and faces (if they are small),
comb their hair, and if necessary change their
clothes. They are little treasures and he would
like to see them playing the part.   Minimize
all noise. At the time of his arrival, eliminate
all noise of the washer, dryer, dishwasher, or
vacuum. Try to encourage the children to be
quiet. Be happy to see him. Greet him with a
warm smile and be glad he is home.  
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HOW TO BE A GOOD WIFE Home Economics High School
Text Book, 1954     Some don'ts Don't greet him
with problems or complaints. Don't complain if he
is late for dinner. Count this as minor compared
with what he might have gone through that day.
Make him comfortable. Have him lean back in a
comfortable chair or suggest he lie down in the
bedroom. Have a cool or warm drink ready for him.
Arrange his pillow and offer to take off his
shoes. Speak in a low, soft, soothing and
pleasant voice. Allow him to relax and unwind.  
Listen to him. You may have a dozen things to
tell him, but the moment of his arrival is not
the time. Let him talk first. Make the evening
his. Never complain if he does not take you out
to dinner or to other places of entertainment.
Instead, try to understand his world of strain
and pressure, his need to be home and relax.
The Goal Try to make your home a place of
peace and order where your husband can renew
himself in body and spirit. What are your
reactions to these rules? How would your mom or
grandmother react to them?  
13
1960s Decade of Protest

• women see need for own rights

Women aiding Civil Rights and Vietnam protests.
14
Second Wave of Feminism
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1961 Commission of the Status of Women

• Kennedy ordered

We have by no means done enough to encourage
women to make their full contributions as
citizens It is appropriate at this time to
review recent accomplishments, and to
acknowledge frankly further steps that must be
taken. This is a task for the entire
nation. President Kennedy, 1963
Areas of concern maternity leave, child care,
pay, opportunities
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1963 The Feminine Mystique,Betty Friedan

• womens liberation bible
• Challenged traditional roles ONLY

comfortable concentration camps
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Excerpts from The Feminine Mystique

• The problem lay buried, unspoken, for many
  years in the minds of American women. It was a
  strange stirring, a sense of dissatisfaction, a
  yearning that women suffered in the middle of the
  twentieth century in the United States. Each
  suburban wife struggled with it alone. As she
  made the beds, shopped for groceries, matched
  slipcover material, ate peanut butter sandwiches
  with her children, chauffeured Cub Scouts and
  Brownies, lay beside her husband at night--she
  was afraid to ask even of herself the silent
  question--"Is this all?
• If I am right, the problem that has no name
  stirring in the minds of so many American women
  today is not a matter of loss of femininity or
  too much education, or the demands of
  domesticityWe can no longer ignore that voice
  within women that says "I want something more
• than my husband and my children and my
  home."

18
1966 National Organization for Women (NOW)

• Worked on rights of working women -
  opportunities, pay, childcare, etc.
• Betty Freidan organizer

19
Late 1960s Radical feminists emerge

• Wanted womens liberation
• Challenged how women were portrayed

Women Protesting the 1968 Miss America Pageant
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1972 Title IX passed

• Public schools could not discriminate on the
  basis of gender

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1972 Equal Rights Amendment

• Introduced in 1923 by Alice Paul
• Considered seriously by Congress
• EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
• Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall
  not be denied or abridged by the United States or
  by any state on account of sex.
• Section 2. The Congress shall have the
• power to enforce, by appropriate
• legislation, the provisions of this article.
• Section 3. This amendment shall take effect two
  years after the date of ratification.

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Learning Targets

• Understand arguments for and against the womens
  liberation movement and ERA.
• Debate the womens liberation movement and ERA.
• Decide if the ERA needs to be passed and if the
  womens liberation movement is done.

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Debate Position

• Choose own position by sitting at the name plate
• Blue For Womens Lib and ERA
• Yellow Against Womens Lib and ERA

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Congressional Debate Motions
MOTION EFFECT
I move to amend Adds your changes to a section of the bill Results in a vote on your changes at the end of the debate of this section of the bill
I move to end debate. Ends the debate for an immediate vote if majority agree allowed only after five minutes debate on a bil
I move to table. kills the bill if 2/3 agree Allowed only after 5 minutes debate on the bill
I rise for a point of order. Used to ask a question on the section of the bill itself or an amendment
I move for a recess. Usually used to allow Congresspersons to talk to one another informally Usually not allowed due to time
25
Equal Rights Amendment
Section 1. Equality of rights under the law
shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any state on account of
sex. Section 2. The Congress shall have the
power to enforce, by appropriate legislation,
the provisions of this article. Section 3.
This amendment shall take effect two years
after the date of ratification.
26
Equal Rights Amendment

• Passed in Congress but never ratified (3 states
  short)
• Still debated today

27
Women Today

• 46 of workforce
• Paid less than men (.76 to mans dollar)
• 17 of Congress

Key Blue average Red mens pay Grey
womens pay
28
Obama White House Report on Status of Women
(3/1/11)
1. Women have not only caught up with men in
college attendance but younger women are now more
likely than younger men to have a college or a
graduate degree. Women are also working more and
the number of women and men in the labor force
has nearly equalized in recent years. As women's
work has increased, their earnings constitute a
growing share of family income.
29
Obama White House Report on Status of Women
(3/1/11)
2. Gains in education and labor force
involvement have not yet translated into wage and
income equity. At all levels of education, women
earned about 75 percent of what their male
counterparts earned in 2009. In part because of
these lower earnings and in part because
unmarried and divorced women are the most likely
to have responsibility for raising and supporting
their children, women are more likely to be in
poverty than men. These economic inequities are
even more acute for women of color.
30
Obama White House Report on Status of Women
(3/1/11)
3. Women are less likely than in the past to be
the target of violent crimes, including homicide.
But women are victims of certain crimes, such as
intimate partner violence and stalking, at higher
rates than men.
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Final Reflection

• Do you believe there is a need for an Equal
  Rights Amendment today? Why or why not?
• answer in proper paragraph essay format

32
National Womens Liberation List of What We
Want, 1971 - Have these been achieved ?1
YES 2SOMEWHAT 3NO

1. Women's lives, ideas, desires, and dreams to be
   no less important than men's.
2. We want men to do a fair share of the housework,
   raising children, and the work of maintaining and
   cultivating relationshipsat least half of it.
3. We want time for work, family, and ourselves.
4. We want to be loved and respected for who we are
   as people.
5. We want full control over the decision to have
   children.
6. We want to build upon the victories of the
   womens liberation movement of the sixties.

33
Modern Movement (1963)

• Commission on the Status of Women
• examined role of women
• Equal Pay Act pay for work