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Emotion

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... and cognitive awareness (emotions) must occur separately (but simultaneously). Routed to the cortex and the Sympathetic NS at the same time by the Thalamus. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Emotion


1
Emotion
2
Theories of Emotions
  • Emotion are a mix of
  • Physiological activation - Physical response
  • Expressive behaviors - Behavior
  • Conscious experience Thinking and Feelings

3
James-Lange Theory of Emotion.
The Stimulus
  • William James and Carl Lange completely opposed
    to common-sense view.
  • Proposes that physiological activity precedes the
    emotional experience.
  • The body changes ultimately cause to feel
    emotions

Physical Reaction
Emotion
4
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
  • How can that theory be true if similar
    physiological changes correspond with drastically
    different emotional states.
  • The physiological change (bodys arousal) and
    cognitive awareness (emotions) must occur
    separately (but simultaneously).
  • Routed to the cortex and the Sympathetic NS at
    the same time by the Thalamus.

5
Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
  • Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer explains
    emotions more completely that the other two
    theories.
  • They happen at the same time but
  • To experience the emotion the person must be
    physically aroused AND cognitively label the
    arousal.
  • Biology and Cognition interact with each other to
    increase the experience.

6
(No Transcript)
7
Two Routes to Emotion
Lazarus/Schachter
Zajonc/LeDoux
8
Lie Detectors
  • Called a polygraph.
  • Measures several of the physiological responses
    accompanying emotion
  • Perspiration
  • Heart rate
  • Blood pressure
  • Breathing changes

9
Lie Detectors
  • 50 Innocents
  • 50 Thieves
  • --1/3 of innocent declared guilty
  • --1/4 of guilty declared innocent (from
    Kleinmuntz Szucko, 1984)

10
Lie Detectors
  • Is 70 accuracy good?
  • Assume 5 of 1000 employees actually guilty.
  • --test all employees
  • --285 will be wrongly accused
  • What about 95 accuracy?
  • Assume 1 in 1000 employees actually guilty.
  • --test all employees (including 999 innocents)
  • --50 wrongly declared guilty
  • --1 of 51 testing positive are guilty (2)

11
Expressing Emotion
12
Neuroscience of Emotions
13
Know how emotions affect the ANS
14
Arousal and Performance
  • Performance peaks at lower levels of arousal for
    difficult tasks, and at higher levels for easy or
    well-learned tasks.
  • For MOST tasks though, you want moderate levels
    of arousal.

Performance level
Difficult tasks
Easy tasks
Low
Arousal
High
15
Role of Neurotransmitters Hormones
  • Important Roles in Emotion
  • Low serotonin ? Depression.
  • High levels of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine ?
    Anger and Fear.

16
The Limbic System and Emotions
  • The Amygdala is a neural key to fear learning.
  • Also involved in rage and aggression.
  • Integrates the hormonal and neural emotional
    aspects.

17
Role of the Cortex and Emotions
  • In general
  • the right hemisphere specializes in negative
    emotions and
  • the left hemisphere specializes in positive
    emotions.

18
Expressed Emotion
People more speedily detect an angry face than a
happy one.
19
Expressing Emotion
  • Gender and expressiveness

20
Expressing Emotion
  • Non-verbal communication - gestures, body
    language, facial expressions.
  • Introverts better at reading others emotions.
  • Extroverts easier to read.

21
Culture and Emotional Expression
  • Gestures and their meaning vary from culture to
    culture.
  • Individualist cultures show more intense and
    prolonged emotions.
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdwJ-wwF9XVs

22
Detecting and Computing Emotion
  • Most people find it difficult to detect deceiving
    emotions. Even trained professionals like police
    officers, psychiatrists, judges, and
    polygraphists detected deceiving emotions only
    54 of the time.

Which of Paul Ekmans smiles is genuine?
23
Culture and Emotional Expression
  • When culturally diverse people were shown basic
    facial expressions, they did fairly well at
    recognizing them.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-PFqzYoKkCc
24
Experienced Emotion
  • Infants naturally occurring emotions

25
Two Dimensions of Emotion
Blue Psychological Pink Physiological
26
Anger
  • Anger carries the mind away, (Virgil, 70-19
    B.C.), but makes any coward brave, (Cato
    234-149 B.C.).

27
Anger
  • People generally become angry with friends and
    loved ones who commit wrongdoings, especially if
    they are willful, unjustified, and avoidable.
  • People are also angered by foul odors, high
    temperatures, traffic jams, and aches and pains.
  • If youre angry at someone about something tell
    them directly.

28
Anger - Cultural Gender Differences
  • Boys tend to respond to anger by moving away from
    that situation or exercising, while girls talk to
    their friends or listen to music.
  • Anger also breeds prejudice (Like the 9/11
    attacks did).
  • Individualized cultures encourage venting not
    collectivist cultures.

29
Fear
  • Fear can be learned through conditioning
  • as well as through observation.

30
Dont forget the Amygdala!
  • The neural key to fear learning.
  • Like a guard dog, it is continuously alert for
    threats.

31
Happiness
  • People who are happy
  • perceive the world as being safer.
  • make decisions easily.
  • are more cooperative.
  • live healthier, energized, and more satisfied
    lives.

32
Predictors of Happiness
33
Experiencing Emotion
  • Catharsis
  • Emotional release.
  • Catharsis hypothesis
  • Releasing aggressive energy (through action or
    fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

34
Experiencing Emotion
  • Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
  • Peoples tendency to be helpful when already in a
    good mood.

35
Experiencing Emotion
  • Subjective Well-Being
  • Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with
    life.

36
Experienced Emotion
Moods across the day
37
Experienced Emotion
Does money buy happiness?
38
Values Life Satisfaction
Students who value love more than money report
higher life satisfaction.
39
Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
  • Tendency to form judgments relative to a
    neutral level.
  • If you get a raise in salary, you feel good. But
    once you adjust to that new salary level, you
    need another raise to get that same feeling
    again.
  • Success and failure are always relative to our
    recent experiences.

40
Experiencing Emotion
  • Relative Deprivation
  • Perception that one is worse off relative to
    those with whom one compares oneself.
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