By Roger J Anderton

1

• By Roger J Anderton
• -1-

Unified Field Theory from Boscovich to
Geometrodynamics
2
Last week was good on unified field theory. But
I think some of the background needs to be gone
into of the history of unified field theory
before getting so technical as last week's
lecture. So the question I ask is What
Happened to Einstein's Unified Field Theory? -2-
3
What Happened to Einstein's Unified Field
Theory? Well we can consider the Conspiracy
side- e.g. -3-
4
Dr. Joseph P. Farrellhttp//gizadeathstar.com/-4
-
5
Where there is a Massive Cover-up and Unified
Field Theory is used for secret technology
starting with Nazis using it for anti-gravity
etc. -5-
6
What Happened to Einstein's Unified Field
Theory? OR we can consider the Mainstream's
excuses- -6-
7
For a moment I am going by this book- -7-
8
Oppenheimer Father of A-Bomb says Einstein is
cuckoo -8-
9
A fair number of Physicists thought Einstein had
gone crazy looking for a Unified Field Theory -9-
10
There are other excuses like Einstein went to
America and in America they did not think
Einstein's philosophical approach to physics had
practical applications and hence were not money
making ventures, unlike Quantum physics which
they saw had money making uses and so had it
research funded. -10-
11
So in that scenario Einstein was pursuing work
on his Unified Field theory practically alone and
ignored by rest of American Physics Academia
which was more interested in Quantum physics. -11-
12
Which from my perspective I think is unfortunate,
because what Einstein was doing was working on
his Relativity theories - that I think were full
of mistakes that needed sorting out. So ignoring
Einstein's Unified Field Theory program was
ignoring sorting out the problems with Einstein's
Relativity. -12-
13
Now not everyone had abandoned Einstein's
Relativity, he had one successor (at least)- -13-
14
John A Wheeler-14-
15
The Wheeler School seems to be where all the big
names of the Relativity's mainstream are related
to, usually by Wheeler having mentored them, or
being in the chain of mentoring from it. And
have books like this - -15-
16
(No Transcript)
17
Where Wheeler is co-author of Bible of Relativity
-17-
18
So it is interesting to know what happened to
Einstein's Relativity after Einstein died, and
answer is - it was picked up by the Wheeler
school. -18-
19
In Wheeler school the unified field theory
based upon Einstein's Relativity gets called
GEOMETRODYNAMICS. -19-
20
The Media likes saying Einstein never achieved
his Unified Field Theory. So that leads a lot of
people interested in physics to dismiss that line
of study. BUT what they should be saying is
-20-
21
Einstein's Unified Field Theory research program
carried on after Einstein's death under John
Wheeler's school and was called
Geometrodynamics. -21-
22
And maybe they might like to add that it is not
agreed - because that is Einstein's Relativity
side of Physics, with the other side of physics
being based on Quantum physics. And its also not
fully developed. -22-
23
Ideally at Physics undergraduate level there
should be a Unified Field Theory course. But
there isn't. - what is taught is of course
Einstein's relativity. -23-
24
What is taught at undergraduate level is
Special Relativity in one year, and next year
General Relativity as course options. And then
that's the end of the University degree
course. -24-
25
They don't have a follow up course after doing
General relativity to then do the next course
Geometrodynamics.-- not at ordinary degree level
at least. They can carry on and do it at PhD
level. But they don't seem to be making it clear
that when they are dealing what they call General
relativity or Geometrodynamics at PhD level that
they are in fact dealing with Einstein's Unified
Field Theory OR rather -25-
26
They are dealing with parts of Einstein's Unified
Field Theory because Einstein's Unified Field
Theory has not been totally agreed upon to be
made into a complete theory. -26-
27
Anyway, its an interesting thing to look at the
History of this Geometrodynamics (or Einstein's
Unified Field Theory) program and they do claim
quite a long history on working on this theory,
starting long before Einstein. -27-
28
So the first time that they mention there is a
unified field theory from which they are
working is from the 18th century this man -
-28-
29
Boscovich's unified field theory 18th century -29-
30
Mainstream Relativity is working from
Boscovich's unified field theory. You probably
don't know that because they haven't bothered
to tell anyone. (Its a specialist subject not
part of ordinary degree level physics.) Any
problems with accepting that they don't tell
you everything at university and choose to omit
some very significant things ? -30-
31
The Point I am trying to make is that the
Mainstream is working from Unified Field theory
of Boscovich just they have not bothered to
tell anyone and even those dealing with Unified
Field Theory most of them are unaware of the
History of the subject. Hopefully you are happy
with that then I can move onto my information
source. -31-
32
John Cowperthwaite Graves-32-
33
John Cowperthwaite Graves philosophy professor
the first out gay professor at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology in the early 1970's, he
taught the first gay studies course at MIT.
http//andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biog3/graves01.h
tml And he wrote this book - -33-
34
(No Transcript)
35
The Book deals with the History of
Geometrodynamics/General relativity. And the
Book has a foreword by John Wheeler, so I am
taking it that John Wheeler endorses the History.
-35-
36
Of course some people might disagree. But some
people are able to argue that black is white.
Going by this book we can look at where in the
time-line there is the first mention of a unified
field theory, and of course its this guy- -36-
37
Boscovich -37-
38
(No Transcript)
39
John Cowperthwaite Graves says that Boscovich's
theory is unified field theory. He also says that
Geometrodynamics is unified field theory. So
putting it in historical context the unified
field theory before Einstein was Boscovich's
theory. The unified field theory (which is
incomplete and not agreed on) based on Einstein's
unified field theory research program is
Geometrodynamics coming from Wheeler's school of
researchers. -39-
40
So of course - John Cowperthwaite Graves is
endorsing the unified field theory post-Einstein
and not pre-Einstein. But that does not bother me
because from my perspective Einstein made a
great many mistakes- and so my conclusion is that
the unified field theory pre-Einstein is the
correct one before Einstein and his supporters
started making the mistakes. -40-
41
And its in the History of Physics that the
Einstein supporters adhere to that there was a
unified field theory before Einstein came
along! Now for a few problems- -41-
42
Its taken me a Great deal of research to find out
what was the unified field theory before Einstein
came on the scene with his supposed revolutions
1905- onwards. And I find its hidden away in the
mainstream History of physics. -42-
43
Geometrodynamics/Einstein's relativity is now a
vast body of scientific literature based on a lot
of peoples' research. The Bible of relativity is
the book Gravitation co-authored by Wheeler and
its over a thousand pages of very technical
complicated maths. And its only a summary of the
technical stuff. And its not even a comprehensive
summary, a great deal has happened since its
publication. Reading that Book and reading extra
texts for what is missed out constitutes a
massive investment of time. -43-
44
And the Book does not even mention Boscovich I
have bought the Book. Its not dealing with the
History! Just dealing with the History involves a
massive investment of time on research. So those
of the Wheeler school are probably unaware of
things like Boscovich. They have instead
concentrated on the technical stuff and not
history. -44-
45
From my perspective the mainstream has gone
wrong with Einstein, they followed Einstein's
lead for research and what that leads them to
create massive books like Gravitation which
cannot summarise the mainstream's version of
unified field theory in a few pages of
explanation- because their version is fragmented,
incomplete, full of things that don't fit
properly together. -45-
46
In short their version of unified field theory
is an ongoing research program, and its
generating massive amounts of literature. Whereas
my perspective is simpler- Einstein made a lot of
mistakes which the Einstein supporters are still
blindly going down that path, and unified field
theory is pre-Einstein. -46-
47
Of course looking at unified field theory
pre-Einstein would now be a massive research
project, because it would take a massive amount
of work to counter the massive amount of work
that has now gone into unified field theory
Post-Einstein. -47-
48
So that is the end of the history part, I will
now look at the theory - -48-
49
I will now deal with what John Cowperthwaite
Graves has to say about Boscovich's theory. From
his perspective it is pre-Einstein and he is
looking for excuses to ignore it and go on to
post-Einstein attempts at unified field
theory. So from my perspective although he is
admitting it is a unified field theory he is
misrepresenting it so that he can ignore it. To
take a proper analysis of Boscovich's theory
would take a large amount of time invested in it,
and already he and others like him have invested
large amounts of time on post-Einstein unified
field theories, so incentive for them is to
quickly jump over pre-Einstein unified field
theory. -49-
50
Also I would like to add that maybe the main
reason why they don't want to teach unified field
theory at undergraduate level would be that they
would expose themselves to students as having
lots of disconnected ideas that don't fit
together in a coherent manner. And they would
find that as lecturer embarrassing to be unable
to dictate to undergraduate students - one set
of supposed truths. -50-
51
i.e. an overview of unified field theory research
reveals it to be a mess. But in a specialist
postgraduate level it would be concentration on
just one or two aspects of unified field theory
and not on the overview. -51-
52
John Cowperthwaite Graves says - But most
important of all insofar as Boscovich may be said
to have a field theory, it is a unified field
theory. So I am going to spit that down it is
said that way (1) to cause doubt that Boscovich
had a field theory and (2) if you accept that
Boscovich had a field theory then its a unified
field theory. The objective is to cause doubt,
because its not the type of unified field theory
they are interested in, and they want people to
skip over it to the type of unified field theory
they are interested in. -52-
53
Now I want to quote what Wheeler says - This
book is intended to be a comprehensive account of
the philosophically significant aspects of a
particular physical theory, general relativity or
geometrodynamics as its contemporary version is
now called. I firmly believe that the theory
should be taken seriously, even if it has not yet
been perfectly confirmed, and that it has
important and sometimes surprising implications
for both physics and philosophy. At least some
theories, and this one in particular, include
among the explanatory features the task of trying
to construct a coherent and intellectually
satisfying picture of the world, and philosophy
should be concerned to explicate and evaluate
this picture. -53-
54
I want to split that down - This book is
intended to be a comprehensive account of the
philosophically significant aspects of a
particular physical theory, general relativity or
geometrodynamics as its contemporary version is
now called. So they are wanting Boscovich's
theory as part of their construction towards
their geometrodynamics. Of course they don't
have to accept completely Boscovich's theory
they can take what they want and throw away the
rest. -54-
55
But I am equally at liberty to accept Boscovich's
theory in as much of its entirety and throw away
their Geometrodynamics as being a mess of
mistakes. -55-
56
Wheeler I firmly believe that the theory i.e.
Geometrodynamics should be taken seriously, even
if it has not yet been perfectly confirmed, and
that it has important and sometimes surprising
implications for both physics and
philosophy. And I am taking it
Geometrodynamics to be in a mess. The
philosophy behind Boscovich's theory is what I
want to go by. So the philosophy behind what
Geometrodynamics might also be a bit of a mess
from my perspective if they have deviated too
much from Boscovich's philosophy. -56-
57
Wheeler At least some theories, and this one in
particular i.e. Geometrodynamics , include
among the explanatory features the task of trying
to construct a coherent and intellectually
satisfying picture of the world, and philosophy
should be concerned to explicate and evaluate
this picture. That is an admission that
Geometrodynamics is not coherent, and the project
is ongoing to make it so. Boscovich's theory is
coherent, so deviation from that leads to them
being incoherent. -57-
58
So hopefully you get the general idea of where my
perspective is coming from-- they are going to
make claims about Boscovich's theory based on
their belief in a post-Einstein unified field
theory instead of a pre-Einstein theory and I am
going to argue against them. Its rather tiresome
to continue so enough of that. -58-
59
Back to the History again this time around
Einstein becoming famous circa 1919 there was
no proper debate on the merits of Einstein's
relativity, as to whether Einstein had genuinely
overturned Newtonian physics. And I had dealt
with this in previous lectures. When it came to
acceptance of Einstein's relativity there was a
great deal of criticism. Maybe that contributed
to -59 -
60
Why People like Oppenheimer thought Einstein was
cuckoo. Maybe that contributed to blocking too
many physicists being interested in Einstein's
unified field theory research program while
Einstein was alive? If it blocked it then it did
not completely block it because a small part of
that project survived with the Wheeler school of
Geometrodynamics. And -60-
61
It is recorded after Einstein died there was a
sudden resurgence of interest in Einstein's
General relativity, what is called sometimes the
Renaissance of Relativity. A great deal of
papers were suddenly started to be written about
Einstein's relativity. -61-
62
So I want to look at that another way-- the
critics of Einstein maybe managed to block as
much as possible Einstein's research program
while Einstein was alive. But after Einstein
died, many of these critics were themselves
getting very old and dying. So the critics were
dying off. There was no tradition of keeping the
critics going as a program in the same way as
Einstein's program. -62-
63
Thus with this Renaissance of Einstein's
relativity suddenly the Einstein relativity
program faced a lot less of its old enemy
critics, and it was able to expand and pull in a
new generation of physicists ignoring the
criticisms that it had originally faced , and
pretending like there was no real criticism in
the past- so as to ignore it - and deciding to
denounce any new critics as cranks. -63-
64
So on the Einstein's unified field theory
research program it is still tied into the
numerous mistakes that Einstein made, and trying
to build on those mistakes. While throw away
that mountain of mistakes and revealed to us is
pre-Einstein unified field theory Boscovich's
theory. -64-
65
Example of applications of Boscovich's theory-
It explains Cold Fusion- -65-
66
Evan Ragland (Diamondhead,MS), "An Alternate
Model of the Atomic Nucleus," presented at
ICCF4. The many successes of the Standard Model,
and the promise it holds for development of a
unified field theory, have gained such wide
acceptance that other atomic models are seldom
considered. Nevertheless, there are often
distinct advantages to be gained from alternative
viewpoints. The Alternate Model theorizes a field
centered atomic model which may offer further
insight into nuclear fusion mechanics. -66-
67
The Standard Model constructs the atomic nucleus
as a cluster or clump of protons and neutrons
each of which contains three electric charges
(quarks) bound together by three carriers of the
nuclear strong force (gluons). The Alternate
Model constructs the neutron as the complement of
the hydrogen atom (an electron inside a proton)
and, the nucleus as a field centered organization
of protons and neutrons, each confined to a
distinct shell location. The neutron's internal
electric field is the nuclear strong force. -67-
68
The construct builds on Rutherford's
electron/proton doublet, the Mayer/Jensen Shell
Model of the nucleus, and the Boscovich action of
forces to develop a systematic geometry and logic
for field Centered nucleons at rest in stationary
states with harmonious spins. The model treats
the electron, proton, and the composite neutron
internal field as force fields of common
origin. -68-
69
In his Bakerian Lecture of1920, Ernest Rutherford
advanced the concept of an electron/proton
doublet as a neutral particle within the atomic
nucleus. He visualized the particle as an
electron in orbit about a proton within the
nucleus. This is an untenable arrangement as the
energy required to confine the electron to
an orbit within the nucleus is greater than the
binding energy of the nucleus. -69-
70
The Alternate Model proposes the doublet
arrangement of the neutron to be an electron
captured into stationary state within the proton.
Again, the energy required to confine the
electron is greater than the binding energy of
the doublet thus, the system must,in time (half
life - 12minutes),decay into lighter
constituent elements. Most often, before decay,
the neutron reacts by binding to another nucleon.
This reaction can form a stable nucleus.
For example, a neutron reacting with a proton to
form a deuteron creates a stable nucleus with
binding energy greater than the confinement
energy of its constituent parts. -70-
71
According to the Mayer/Jensen Shell Model, the
general rules of quantum mechanics restrict
nucleons to a shell arrangement of discrete
states within the nucleus similar to the shell
structure of atomic electrons. When the model is
applied to the clump or cluster concept of the
Standard Model, nucleons are envisioned as
occupying discrete orbits within the nucleus.
Ambiguities of this visualization clarify when
the model is applied to the field
centered concept of the Alternate Model. -71-
72
Here a set of discrete symmetrical stationary
states can only be occupied by nucleons with
particular energies and motions at the time of
nuclear acquisition and assembly. The Pauli
exclusion principle holds in the Alternate Model
i.e., no more than one proton or one nucleon can
occupy a discrete energy state with the exception
that a pair of protons or a pair of neutrons of
opposite spin may occupy the same state. -72-
73
The Alternate Model treats the electron, proton,
and neutron as Boscovich point sources of field
force or charge rather than as particles. While a
point cannot be a real source, it can mark
the origin within a real field of an extinct
causative source. That real fields exist for
electrons, protons, etc. about "Boscovich points"
is Demonstrated -73-
74
in terms of the equivalence of mass and energy.
Plausible logic shows their powers of combination
about a common origin into atomic nuclei. A
symbolic flow diagram for the progression, proton
field through alpha field, supported by a Boolean
algebra further exemplifies field treatment of
the atomic nucleus. -74-
75
In summary, the Alternate Model is another way of
viewing the atomic nucleus. It may be more
suitable than the Standard Model for examination
of low energy nuclear effects in condensed
matter. In particular, it seems to better explain
the absence of the neutron branch in cold fusion
deuteron/deuteron reactions. -75-
76
i.e. Mainstream dismissed Cold Fusion because
there were no neutrons produced. But by model
based on Boscovich's theory no neutrons are
produced. -76-
77
I am looking for Endorsements for Boscovich. I
want as many people saying Boscovich should not
be ignored. The attitude I get too much is of
disbelief that there was a unified field theory
in the 18th century and that acts as block. I
want it to be more widely known about Boscovich.
-77-
78
Depending on time- I want to show some things on
the web -78-
79
Thank-you. Fin. -79-