THEME:

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THEME

• THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND
  NOTHERN IRELAND

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AIMS

1. TO DRAW A CONCLUSION FROM THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
   THE COUNTRY
2. TO KNOW NEW FACTS ABOUT IT
3. TO CHECK EVERYTHING WE KNOW

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Geographical position
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• DO YOU KNOW THE DIFFERENCE AMONG
  
• BRITISH ISLES
• GREAT BRITAIN
• THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND
  NOTHERN IRELAND?

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CLIMATE

• British Isles are as far north as
  Siberia. Edinburgh is on the same latitude
  as Moscow but climate there is quite
  different. The temperature rarely exceeds 32
  degrees in summer or falls below -10
  degrees in winter
• The climate of the British Isles is
  strictly influenced by the warm waters of
  the Atlantic Ocean. The western winds are warm
  and laden with moisture. (??????????? ??????).
  It is often foggy and rainy. Snow falls very
  occasionally and it doesnt remain for
  long (except in the Scottish mountains).
  Rainfall is well distributed throughout
  the year. The wind brings rain from the
  Atlantic to the hills of the west. Britain
  is famous for the rapid changes in the
  weather, sometimes they are even
  unpredictable, that is why it is one of
  the most favorite subjects for discussion
  when Englishmen meet.

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British State Symbols
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British State Symbols

• The state flag of the Kingdom was approved
  in1801. The main color of it is blue. On
  the main
• background it has white and red crosses.
  In reality
• the flag is a combination of some flags.
  The banner
• of England St. George's flag, which has a
  horizontal red cross on a white field,
  the banner of Scotland St. Andrew's flag,
  which has a white cross on a
• blue background and Ireland St Patrick's
  flag with a red cross on a white field,
  because of it the flag of the
• United Kingdom of great Britain and
  Northern Ireland is
• called Union Jack

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POPULATION AND LANGUAGES

• About 57 million people live in Britain.
  94 of them are of different European
  origin. Most of the population live in
  cities and work in industry. The living
  standard is rather high.
• The main language and also state
  one is English. It is a language of
  Germanic family. Anglo-Saxons contributed to
  the formation of English most of all.
  English grammar has much in common with
  modern German language. English alphabet
  came from Latin. Christian Monks, who
  spoke Latin brought it from Ireland. It
  is very strange that Celtic language
  didn't brought many words to modern
  English. Other languages are also used in
  the UK by people whose native language
  isn't historically English and who came
  to the country from other places.

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• In Wales only about 19 of the population
  speak Welsh (a Celtic language) as their
  first language, though nearly all of them
  also speak perfect English. The study of
  Welsh is now compulsory in many primary
  and secondary schools. Television and radio
  services in Wales give about half their
  time to Welsh language programmers. Most
  public signs are in Welsh as well as in
  English.
• In Scotland 2 of the population
  speak Gaelic, another Celtic language, as
  well as in English.
• Many immigrants are bilingual. Many
  Indians, for example, speak both Hindi and
  English, a lot of Chinese speak both
  Chinese and English. Many Turks speak
  English and Turkish.
• There are a number of different regional
  accents in the UK. Some people in England
  speak Cockney in Birmingham Brum, in
  Newcastle - Geordie. There is a variety
  of English which belongs to no particular
  region. It's Standard English, which is
  usually taught to foreigners.

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Political system

• A MONARCH
• The UK is the constitutional monarchy.
  It means that the country has a monarch
  at the head but its power is limited by
  the parliament. The head of the UK is
  Queen Elizabeth II. The royal title in
  Britain is Elizabeth the Second, by the
  Grace of God of the United Kingdom of
  Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of
  Her other Realms and Territories Queen,
  Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the
  Faith. In law the Queen is head of the
  executive ( ) an integral part
  of the legislature ( ), head of
  the judiciary ( ), the
  Commander-in-chief of all the armed forces
  of the Crown (
  ), and the Supreme
  Governor of the established Church of
  England. In practice the monarch has no
  actual power they say, the monarch
  reigns but doesn't rule. The Queen summons(
  ), prorogues ( ) and dissolves Parliament.
  She opens each session with a speech. It
  is her duty to make appointments to all
  important state offices. She has the power
  to conclude treaties, to declare war and
  make peace. All the affairs are conducted
  in the name of the Queen, but really
  the Prime Minister is responsible for every
  measure submitted to Parliament.
• Parliament is the supreme legislative
  authority in Britain and the Prime Minister
  is the virtual ruler of the country.

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Political system

• PARLIAMENT
• The British Parliament works in a
  large building called the Palace of
  Westminster. The Palace has offices,
  committee rooms, restaurants, libraries and
  even some places of residence and also two
  large rooms where the members of the
  Parliament meet one for Lords the other
  for members of the House of Commons. The
  British Parliament consists of two Houses
  the House of Lords and the House of
  Commons. The last one is more important
  for the country. This division dates back
  as 700 years.
• The House of Commons is made up
  of 650 elected members. Each session lasts
  160-170 days. Traditionally members don't
  start their work in the morning. They
  begin its business at 2.30 p.m. when they
  are at work there is a flag above the
  Palace. During the sessions the M.Ps have
  no free weekends the members of the House
  of Commons propose laws. If the majority
  of MPs vote for the bill, it is sent to
  the House of Lords, when the Lords agree
  it is taken to the Queen for Royal
  assent. The person who chairs and control
  discussion in is the Speaker. He decides
  which member is going to speak next and
  makes sure that the rules are followed.
  During the sessions he sits on the wool
  sack which is the symbol of the country
  wealth.
• Members of the House of Lords
  (peers) are not elected. They are holders
  of an inherited aristocratic title ( ). The
  House of Lords has more than 1,000
  members, but only about 250 take an active
  part in the work of the house. The House
  of Lords has little real power nowadays.

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THE TOWER OF LONDON

• The Tower of London was build by William
  the Conqueror as a fortress and palace.
  Later kings made it larger and stronger
  and kept soldiers, amour, weapons, treasure,
  and sometimes important prisoners there.
  For five hundred years coins of realm
  (???????????) were minted at the Tower and
  official documents stored in some of the
  castle buildings. There was even a zoo
  there which began as the kings private
  collection of animals.
• Nowadays it is busy with thousands of
  visitors. In fact the Tower today is like
  a traditional English village. The ravens
  are certainly among the most important
  residents in the Tower, for so the story
  goes if they ever leave, the Tower will
  fall and England with it. These days
  there are usually about six ravens hopping
  and pecking (???????) around the Tower
  lawns (?????) in the daytime. One of the
  Yeoman Warders (????????? ??????) cares for them.
  He feeds them on raw meat, (????? ????)
  fruit and eggs. He t?k?s them back into
  their cage every night, and from time to
  time clips (?????????) their wings just to
  make sure that they never leave.

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• The Yeoman Warders have guarded the Tower
  since reign (?????????) of Henry VIII. Every
  day at the Tower ends with the ceremony
  of the Keys. The soldiers of the Tower
  Guard escort the Chief Yeoman Warder as
  he locks the outer gates. When this is
  done the guard salute the Queens keys
  and the Chief Warders calls out God
  preserves Queen Elizabeth. Then he takes
  the keys to the Governor in Queens
  House. The Tower of London is save and
  secure for the night. It is a very old
  ceremony 700 years old.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR HARD WORK