Title: SHAPING A NEW NATION
1SHAPING A NEW NATION
- Chapter 5
- AMERICAN HISTORY
2EXPERIMENTING WITH THE CONSTITUTION
- Republic- Citizens rule though elected officials
- Republicanism- political leaders received from
the citizens (consent of the governed) their
authority to make and enforce laws.- (Pg-133) - Civic Virtue- A citizens capacity for
selflessness, self-sufficiency, courage and Civic
Involvement. (pg 133-134) - Influenced by Enlightenment John Locke and Adam
Smith - Natural Rights- Life, Liberty, and Property
- Role of Government is to protect these rights
- ADAM SMITH- public would benefit from
self-interest???
- Between 1776 and 1780 most states WROTE State
Constitutions- pg 132 - States were reluctant to unite under a strong
central government- Why? - Drafted and ratified new state constitutions
- Limited the power of the state governments
- Guaranteed specific Rights
- Established voting rights- white, male,
landowners- WOMEN/AFRICAN AMERICANS - REPUBLICAN MOTHERHOOD
- EMPHASIZED LIBERTY NOT EQUALITY
3Articles of Confederation
- Restrict the powers of the governor
- One year terms
- Denied the power to overturn laws
- Three branches of government
- Legislature- Made the Laws
- Judicial- Interpret
- Executive- Carry them out
- Elected, not appointed
- Limited the power of the executive
- Elected officials given more power
- SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
- ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATON
- Representation- Equal or based on Population
- Supreme power or Divided Power
- Articles of Confederation
- Confederation-
- Powers of the Articles of Confederation (National
Government)- Pg 135 - Western Lands
- State Land Claims
- Governing the Western Lands
- Land Ordinance of 1785
- Northwest Ordinance 187
- Steps to Statehood-- page 135
- Go over the three steps
4ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
5The Confederation Encounters Problems
- Financial Problems- Page 136
- Large war debts had to be paid- Government did
not have the power to tax. - Soldiers went unpaid for years- Tried to Amend
the Articles of Confederation to give them the
power to tax- This attempt failed- WHY? - Problems with States
- Congress had little power over the states- States
could make their own treaties, control commerce
between states, No federal Judicial System, only
state courts. Several problems- Page 136 - Problems with Foreign Nations
- British continued to occupy forts in NW
Territory/ Dealing with the Spanish- New Orleans
and Florida/ Problems paying off debts - Economic Problems
- Trade with and Commerce with Britain was limited/
Paper money continued to cause inflation/
debtors vs creditors see chart on page 137
6DRAFTING THE CONSTITUTION
- SHAYS REBELLION- Explain
- May 25, 1787- Constitutional Convention met in
Philadelphia at Independence Hall - 12 Of the 13 States- RI- Page 141
- Job was to Revise the Articles of Confederation
Dis more than that - Role of James Madison- Father of the Constitution
- Delegates agreed to keep the proceedings secret.
Why? - 54 delegates- George Washington was presiding
officer - Most had helped to write state constitutions
- All had held public office
- Generally wealthy and well educated
- Most had served in the Continental Congress
7Key Delegates at the Constitutional Convention 1
Roger Sherman 2 Alexander Hamilton 3 Benjamin
Franklin 4 James Madison 5 George Washington 6
James Wilson
8THE GREAT COMPROMISE
- A dispute quickly arose over the number of
representatives each state should send to the
legislature. Larger states liked the Virginia
Plan- based on population. Smaller states
insisted on equal representation. - New Jersey Plan- William Patterson- called for a
unicameral, or one house legislature. Each state
would have one vote. - Great Compromise- Roger Sherman- Two House
Legislature- Upper House equal- Lower House
based on Population - The Great Compromise ended the most serious and
threatening excitement of the Convention - James Madison
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10OTHER COMPROMISES
- THE THREE FIFTHS COMPROMISE
- How should slaves be counted?
- Northern point of view
- Representation- 0
- Taxation- 1
- Southern Point of View
- Representation- 1
- Taxation- 0
- Compromise
- Only three fifths of the States slave population
would count in determining taxation and
representation. - Compromise
- Could levy tariffs on imports but not exports
- Slave trade protected until 1807
- DIVISION OF POWERS
- FEDERALISM- Divided Power between the national
government and the state governments - DELEGATED OR ENUMERATED POWERS- Powers granted to
the federal government- - RESERVED POWERS- Powers granted to the states.
- CONCURRENT POWERS- Powers granted to both the
federal government and the state governments
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12SEPARATION OF POWERS
- The separation of powers prevents any one branch
from becoming too powerful. - Legislative Branch- Makes the laws
- Executive Branch- Carries them out
- Judicial Branch- Interprets and applies the laws
- The separation of powers is upheld by a system of
Checks and Balances that gives each branch the
means to restrain the powers of the other two. - ELECTORAL COLLEGE AND CHANGING THE CONSTITUTION-
Page 144
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14SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
- CONGRESS
- House of Representatives and the Senate
- Congress can check the powers of the President.
- Impeachment- Treason, High crimes and
misdemeanors - President can make treaties, Senate ratifies
treaties 2/3rds majority - Presidential appointments must be approved by the
Senate - Power of the Purse
- Override Presidential vetos with a 2/3rds
majority
15SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
- PRESIDENT
- The President can curb the the powers of
Congress. - Veto Power
- Influence and Pressure
- Call a special session of Congress
- Adjourn Congress
- State of the Union Address
- Press conferences and speeches. BULLY PULPIT
16SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
- JUDICIAL BRANCH
- The courts have the power to judge laws
unconstitutional. - Judges are appointed by the President
- Senate must approve all judicial appointments
- Congress can impeach a judge
- Congress and President can amend the Constitution
- President has the power to pardon
- Supreme Court Judges are appointed for LIFE
17RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION-Section III
- Read Page 145
- When the Constitution was finally published, the
drastic changes surprised and angered many
people. Why? - Citizens soon divided over the issues.
- Felt that this government was too powerful
- FEDERALIST- Supporters of the Constitution
- ANTIFEDERALISTS- Opponents of the Constitution
18RATIFICATION PROCESS
- Only 9 of the 13 states were needed to ratify
- Ratified by State Conventions
- 1787- Ratification process began
- Federalist Papers- Page 146
- James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay
19ANTIFEDERALISTS VS FEDERALISTS
- FEDERALISTS
- Strong Leaders James Madison, John Dickinson and
Alexander Hamilton - Wealthy Merchants
- Planters Lawyers
- Supported a strong national government
- It would provide stability and security
- Believed that Separation of powers would limit
the power of the central govt.
20ANTIFEDERALISTS VS FEDERALISTS
- ANTIFEDERALISTS
- STRONG LEADERS- Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and
Thomas Jefferson - Veil of secrecy
- Destroy states rights
- New government resembled a monarchy
- Violated the principle of Liberty
- Demanded a Bill of Rights-This became the main
focus of the anti-federal
21RATIFICATION PROCESS
- By June of 1788 nine states had ratified the
Constitution - New York and Virginia, the two largest state had
not ratified - They wanted a Bill of Rights
- Most Federalists were not against a Bill of
Rights, they felt it was not necessary - Read page 147-149
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24THE BILL OF RIGHTS
25Constitution Review