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SHAPING A NEW NATION

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Title: FROM CONFEDERATION TO FEDERAL UNION Author: jtaylor Last modified by: Taylor, Jeff Created Date: 2/15/2006 2:29:20 PM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: SHAPING A NEW NATION


1
SHAPING A NEW NATION
  • Chapter 5
  • AMERICAN HISTORY

2
EXPERIMENTING WITH THE CONSTITUTION
  • Republic- Citizens rule though elected officials
  • Republicanism- political leaders received from
    the citizens (consent of the governed) their
    authority to make and enforce laws.- (Pg-133)
  • Civic Virtue- A citizens capacity for
    selflessness, self-sufficiency, courage and Civic
    Involvement. (pg 133-134)
  • Influenced by Enlightenment John Locke and Adam
    Smith
  • Natural Rights- Life, Liberty, and Property
  • Role of Government is to protect these rights
  • ADAM SMITH- public would benefit from
    self-interest???
  • Between 1776 and 1780 most states WROTE State
    Constitutions- pg 132
  • States were reluctant to unite under a strong
    central government- Why?
  • Drafted and ratified new state constitutions
  • Limited the power of the state governments
  • Guaranteed specific Rights
  • Established voting rights- white, male,
    landowners- WOMEN/AFRICAN AMERICANS
  • REPUBLICAN MOTHERHOOD
  • EMPHASIZED LIBERTY NOT EQUALITY

3
Articles of Confederation
  • Restrict the powers of the governor
  • One year terms
  • Denied the power to overturn laws
  • Three branches of government
  • Legislature- Made the Laws
  • Judicial- Interpret
  • Executive- Carry them out
  • Elected, not appointed
  • Limited the power of the executive
  • Elected officials given more power
  • SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
  • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATON
  • Representation- Equal or based on Population
  • Supreme power or Divided Power
  • Articles of Confederation
  • Confederation-
  • Powers of the Articles of Confederation (National
    Government)- Pg 135
  • Western Lands
  • State Land Claims
  • Governing the Western Lands
  • Land Ordinance of 1785
  • Northwest Ordinance 187
  • Steps to Statehood-- page 135
  • Go over the three steps

4
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
5
The Confederation Encounters Problems
  • Financial Problems- Page 136
  • Large war debts had to be paid- Government did
    not have the power to tax.
  • Soldiers went unpaid for years- Tried to Amend
    the Articles of Confederation to give them the
    power to tax- This attempt failed- WHY?
  • Problems with States
  • Congress had little power over the states- States
    could make their own treaties, control commerce
    between states, No federal Judicial System, only
    state courts. Several problems- Page 136
  • Problems with Foreign Nations
  • British continued to occupy forts in NW
    Territory/ Dealing with the Spanish- New Orleans
    and Florida/ Problems paying off debts
  • Economic Problems
  • Trade with and Commerce with Britain was limited/
    Paper money continued to cause inflation/
    debtors vs creditors see chart on page 137

6
DRAFTING THE CONSTITUTION
  • SHAYS REBELLION- Explain
  • May 25, 1787- Constitutional Convention met in
    Philadelphia at Independence Hall
  • 12 Of the 13 States- RI- Page 141
  • Job was to Revise the Articles of Confederation
    Dis more than that
  • Role of James Madison- Father of the Constitution
  • Delegates agreed to keep the proceedings secret.
    Why?
  • 54 delegates- George Washington was presiding
    officer
  • Most had helped to write state constitutions
  • All had held public office
  • Generally wealthy and well educated
  • Most had served in the Continental Congress

7
Key Delegates at the Constitutional Convention 1
Roger Sherman 2 Alexander Hamilton 3 Benjamin
Franklin 4 James Madison 5 George Washington 6
James Wilson
8
THE GREAT COMPROMISE
  • A dispute quickly arose over the number of
    representatives each state should send to the
    legislature. Larger states liked the Virginia
    Plan- based on population. Smaller states
    insisted on equal representation.
  • New Jersey Plan- William Patterson- called for a
    unicameral, or one house legislature. Each state
    would have one vote.
  • Great Compromise- Roger Sherman- Two House
    Legislature- Upper House equal- Lower House
    based on Population
  • The Great Compromise ended the most serious and
    threatening excitement of the Convention
  • James Madison

9
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10
OTHER COMPROMISES
  • THE THREE FIFTHS COMPROMISE
  • How should slaves be counted?
  • Northern point of view
  • Representation- 0
  • Taxation- 1
  • Southern Point of View
  • Representation- 1
  • Taxation- 0
  • Compromise
  • Only three fifths of the States slave population
    would count in determining taxation and
    representation.
  • Compromise
  • Could levy tariffs on imports but not exports
  • Slave trade protected until 1807
  • DIVISION OF POWERS
  • FEDERALISM- Divided Power between the national
    government and the state governments
  • DELEGATED OR ENUMERATED POWERS- Powers granted to
    the federal government-
  • RESERVED POWERS- Powers granted to the states.
  • CONCURRENT POWERS- Powers granted to both the
    federal government and the state governments

11
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12
SEPARATION OF POWERS
  • The separation of powers prevents any one branch
    from becoming too powerful.
  • Legislative Branch- Makes the laws
  • Executive Branch- Carries them out
  • Judicial Branch- Interprets and applies the laws
  • The separation of powers is upheld by a system of
    Checks and Balances that gives each branch the
    means to restrain the powers of the other two.
  • ELECTORAL COLLEGE AND CHANGING THE CONSTITUTION-
    Page 144

13
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14
SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
  • CONGRESS
  • House of Representatives and the Senate
  • Congress can check the powers of the President.
  • Impeachment- Treason, High crimes and
    misdemeanors
  • President can make treaties, Senate ratifies
    treaties 2/3rds majority
  • Presidential appointments must be approved by the
    Senate
  • Power of the Purse
  • Override Presidential vetos with a 2/3rds
    majority

15
SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
  • PRESIDENT
  • The President can curb the the powers of
    Congress.
  • Veto Power
  • Influence and Pressure
  • Call a special session of Congress
  • Adjourn Congress
  • State of the Union Address
  • Press conferences and speeches. BULLY PULPIT

16
SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
  • JUDICIAL BRANCH
  • The courts have the power to judge laws
    unconstitutional.
  • Judges are appointed by the President
  • Senate must approve all judicial appointments
  • Congress can impeach a judge
  • Congress and President can amend the Constitution
  • President has the power to pardon
  • Supreme Court Judges are appointed for LIFE

17
RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION-Section III
  • Read Page 145
  • When the Constitution was finally published, the
    drastic changes surprised and angered many
    people. Why?
  • Citizens soon divided over the issues.
  • Felt that this government was too powerful
  • FEDERALIST- Supporters of the Constitution
  • ANTIFEDERALISTS- Opponents of the Constitution

18
RATIFICATION PROCESS
  • Only 9 of the 13 states were needed to ratify
  • Ratified by State Conventions
  • 1787- Ratification process began
  • Federalist Papers- Page 146
  • James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay

19
ANTIFEDERALISTS VS FEDERALISTS
  • FEDERALISTS
  • Strong Leaders James Madison, John Dickinson and
    Alexander Hamilton
  • Wealthy Merchants
  • Planters Lawyers
  • Supported a strong national government
  • It would provide stability and security
  • Believed that Separation of powers would limit
    the power of the central govt.

20
ANTIFEDERALISTS VS FEDERALISTS
  • ANTIFEDERALISTS
  • STRONG LEADERS- Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and
    Thomas Jefferson
  • Veil of secrecy
  • Destroy states rights
  • New government resembled a monarchy
  • Violated the principle of Liberty
  • Demanded a Bill of Rights-This became the main
    focus of the anti-federal

21
RATIFICATION PROCESS
  • By June of 1788 nine states had ratified the
    Constitution
  • New York and Virginia, the two largest state had
    not ratified
  • They wanted a Bill of Rights
  • Most Federalists were not against a Bill of
    Rights, they felt it was not necessary
  • Read page 147-149

22
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23
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24
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
25
Constitution Review
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