Malaysian government efforts to mitigate climate change

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Malaysian government efforts to mitigate climate
change
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National Committee on CDM (NCCDM)

• Established in May 2002 under the MONRE (Ministry
  of Natural Resources and Environment)
• Two technical committees one for Energy and
  another for Forestry
• Oversees CDM (Clean Development Mechanism)
  projects on
• renewable energy
• energy efficiency
• land fill management (flaring or land fill gas to
  energy)
• fuel switch to less C-based (coal to gas or
  biomass)
• biogas to energy
• land use and land use change, e.g., afforestation
  (grow a forest), reforestation (grow more trees
  in a forest), and cropland management

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National Green Technology Policy

• Launched in July 2009 by the Prime Minister
• Five objectives
• Decreasing growth of energy consumption while
  enhancing economic development
• Facilitating growth of the Green Technology
  industry and enhancing its contribution to the
  national economy
• Increasing national capability and capacity for
  innovation in Green Technology development and
  enhancing Malaysias Green Technology
  competitiveness in the global arena
• Ensuring sustainable development and conserving
  the environment for future generations and
• Enhancing public education and awareness on Green
  Technology and encouraging its widespread use

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• Five strategic thrusts
• Strengthening cooperation between institutions
• Ministry of Energy, Green technology and Water is
  the focal point (hub) of coordination
• Provide conducive environment for Green
  Technology development
• make Malaysia a regional hub
• Ensure sufficient skilled, qualified, competent,
  and productive work force in Green Technology
  development
• Intensify RD in Green technology and towards
  commercialisation
• Promote strong awareness among the public about
  Green Technology

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Capture of methane emissions from palm oil mills

• Malaysia has 417 palm oil mills
• 246 in Peninsular Malaysia, 117 in Sabah
• Mills emit CH4 from retention ponds after oil has
  been extracted
• So, capture the CH4 emissions from palm oil mill
  effluent (POME) as biogas
• can be used/sold for industry (e.g., olechemical
  producers), transport fuel, and electricity
• biogas cheaper than electricity
• easier and cheaper to transport over long
  distance
• gas pipelines cheaper to build than electricity
  towers
• transmission loss by gas only ¼ of that by
  electricity

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Use of palm oil biofuel

• Malaysia can produce as much as 2 mil. tonnes of
  biofuel per year from palm oil
• B5 biodiesel
• 5 palm oil, 95 diesel
• but 4-5 cents a liter more expensive than 100
  diesel
• plan to introduce by 2008 but delayed to 2010
  then delayed to possibly 2011
• some doubts whether the public would want to pay
  more for this B5 biodiesel
• Energy from empty fruit bunches can also be used
  (7.5 to 14 MW)
• but not fully utilised because of irregular EFB
  supply and technology limitations

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Renewable energy

• Malaysia plans to increase use of renewable
  energy from 50 MW today to 2,000 MW by 2020
• Suria 1000 programme
• power from solar energy
• Hydropower and geothermal also seen as sources of
  renewable energy
• but dams (especially large ones like Bakun dam)
  are not environmentally friendly (and not
  renewable)
• Malaysia pledges to reduce carbon emissions by
  40 by 2020 compared to levels at 2005
  (Copenhagen 2009)
• Malaysia pledges to maintain at least 50 of
  total land area forested (Rio de Janerio 1992)

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Reforestation in Malaysia

• Reforestation in Malaysia has increased from an
  average of 989 ha per year in 1988-1992 to 6839
  ha per year in 1998-2002
• In 2003-2007, Malaysias reforestation rate
  increased to an average of 33,009 ha per year, an
  increase of nearly five times of that in
  1998-2002
• Deforestation rate in Malaysia has fallen
• 2006-2010 deforestation rate 102,000 ha per
  year
• 2000-2005 deforestation rate 140,000 ha per
  year

includes rubber plantations as forest