MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMICS (MHD) SYSTEM

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WELCOME

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A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON MAGNETO HYDRO
DYNAMICS (MHD) SYSTEM
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Contents

1. Introduction
2. Need of MHDs
3. Principle Of MHD Power Generation
4. Types of MHD SYSTEM
5. Open Cycle MHD System
6. Closed Cycle MHD System
7. Diffrence between Open Cycle and Closed
   Cycle MHD System
8. Advantages OF MHD System
9. Disadvantages of MHD System
10. Applications
11. Conclusion

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Introduction

• Magneto HydroDynamic (MHD) system
  is a non- conventional source of energy
  which is based upon Faradays Law of
  Electromagnetic Induction, which states that
  energy is generated due to the movement
  of an electric conductor inside a magnetic
  field.

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Concept given by Michael Faraday in 1832
for the first time.

• MHD System widely used in advanced
• countries.
• Under construction in INDIA.

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Need of MHDs

• At present a plenty of energy is needed
  to sustain industrial and agricultural
  production, and the existing conventional energy
  sources like coal, oil, uranium etc are not
  adequate to meet the ever increasing energy
  demands. Consequently, efforts have been made
  for harnessing energy from several
  non-conventional energy sources like Magneto
  Hydro Dynamics(MHD) System.

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Principle Of MHD Power Generation

• Faradays law of electromagnetic induction
  When an electric conductor moves across a
  magnetic field, an emf is induced in it, which
  produces an electric current .

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• Lorentz Force on the charged particle
  (vector),
• F q(v B)
• where,
• v velocity of the particle (vector)
• q charge of the particle (scalar)
• B magnetic field (vector)

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Comparison between a Turbo generator and a
MHD generator
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Types of MHD SYSTEM

• (1)Open cycle System
• (2)Closed cycle System
• (i)Seeded inert gas systems
• (ii) Liquid metal systems

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OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
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HYBRID MHD STEAM PART OPEN CYCLE
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CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN CYCLE AND CLOSED
CYCLE SYSTEM

• Closed Cycle System
• Working fluid is recycled to the heat sources and
  thus is used again.
• Helium or argon(with cesium seeding) is used
  as the working fluid.
• Temperature requirement about 530C.
• Less developed.

• Open Cycle System
• Working fluid after generating electrical
  energy is discharged to the atmosphere
  through a stack .
• Operation of MHD generator is done directly on
  combustion products .
• Temperature requirement 2300C to 2700C.
• More developed.

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NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

• The MHD channel operates on extreme conditions of
  temperature, magnetic and electric fields .
• So, numerous technological advancements are
  needed prior to commercialization of MHD systems
  .
• Search is on for better insulator and electrode
  materials which can with stand the electrical,
  thermal, mechanical and thermo-chemical stresses
  and corrosion.

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ADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM

• Conversion efficiency of about 50 .
• Less fuel consumption.
• Large amount of pollution free power
  generated .
• Ability to reach full power level as soon as
  started.
• Plant size is considerably smaller than
  conventional fossil fuel plants .
• Less overall generation cost.
• No moving parts, so more reliable .

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DISADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM

• Suffers from reverse flow (short circuits) of
  electrons through the conducting fluids around
  the ends of the magnetic field.
• Needs very large magnets and this is a
  major expense.
• High friction and heat transfer losses.
• High operating temperature.
• Coal used as fuel poses problem of molten ash
  which may short circuit the electrodes.
  Hence, oil or natural gas are much better
  fuels for MHDs. Restriction on use of fuel
  makes the operation more expensive.

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APPLICATIONS

• Power generation in space craft.
• Hypersonic wind tunnel experiments.
• Defense application.

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CONCLUSION

• The MHD power generation is in
  advanced stage today and closer to commercial
  utilization. Significant progress has been made
  in development of all critical components and sub
  system technologies. Coal burning MHD combined
  steam power plant promises significant economic
  and environmental advantages compared to other
  coal burning power generation technologies. It
  will not be long before the technological problem
  of MHD systems will be overcame and MHD system
  would transform itself from non- conventional
  to conventional energy sources.

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THANK YOU !!