EMS/EMR Waves

1
EMS/EMR Waves
2
Electromagnetic Wave Simulations of Science!
3
Labels for Wave Models of Science!
Sound Longitudinal Wave Light Transverse Wave Electromagnetic 3-D Transverse Wave
Compression Crest Crest
Rarefaction Trough Trough
Wavelength Wavelength Wavelength
Frequency Frequency Frequency
Amplitude Amplitude Amplitude
4
Wave Example Mnemonic Size Wavelength Frequency NRG
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5
The Electromagnetic Spectrum Light
6
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
7
(No Transcript)
8
Electromagnetic Spectrum/Radiation

• Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves
  produced by the motion of electrically charged
  particles.
• They DO NOT need a medium!
• Can travel though empty space at 300,000km/s or
  186,000 miles/sec
• Radiation The transfer of energy by
  electromagnetic waves.
• Abbreviations
• EMS Electromagnetic Spectrum
• EMR Electromagnetic Radiation

9
Wave Example Mnemonic Size Wavelength Frequency NRG
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
EMS
Wave Mnemonic Size Wavelength Frequency NRG
1 Radio
2 Microwave
3 Infrared
4 Visible
5 Ultraviolet
6 X-Ray
7 Gamma Ray
11
EMS
Wave Mnemonic Size Wavelength Frequency NRG
1 Radio
2 Microwave
3 Infrared
4 Visible
5 Ultraviolet
6 X-Ray
7 Gamma Ray
12
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Wave Mnemonic Size Wavelength Frequency NRG
1 Radio Largest Longest Low Low
2 Microwave
3 Infrared
4 Visible
5 Ultraviolet
6 X-Ray
7 Gamma Ray Smallest Shortest High High
13
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Wave Mnemonic Size Wavelength Frequency NRG
1 Radio Ronald Really Largest Longest Low Low
2 Microwave McDonald
3 Infrared Invented Is
4 Visible Very Very
5 Ultraviolet Unbelievably Ultimately
6 X-Ray X-cellent X-tra
7 Gamma Ray Grub! Great! Smallest Shortest High High
14
Mnemonics to Remember Spectrum Order

• From smallest (gamma) to greatest (radio)
• Great, X-Men Uses Very Important Strategy
  Running
• Greg's X-Ray Unveiled Viral Intestinal Sores
  Rotting
• From greatest (radio) to smallest (gamma)
• Reading Music Is Very Unsatisfactory
  forXylophones and Glockenspiels
• Really Mrs. neri Is Very, Ultimately, Xtra Great

15
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic waves
that are classified in ascending order of energy
(frequency) they propagate at the speed of light
(300,000 km/s).

• visible light
• Electromagnetic radiation that is perceived by
  the human eye and ranges from red to violet.
• gamma rays
• Electromagnetic waves of very high frequency that
  are emitted by radioactive bodies they are the
  most radiant and harmful rays and are used
  especially in treating cancer.
• X-rays
• Electromagnetic waves used especially in
  radiology frequent exposure can be harmful.
• ultraviolet radiation
• Electromagnetic waves used especially to tan skin
  and in microscopy, medicine and lighting
  (fluorescent tubes).
• infrared radiation
• Electromagnetic waves emitted by warm objects
  their many uses include heating, medicine, aerial
  photography and weaponry.
• microwaves
• Short electromagnetic waves their many
  applications include radar detection and
  microwave ovens.
• radio waves
• Very long electromagnetic waves (about 1 meter)
  having low frequency they are used to transmit
  information (television, radio)

16
(No Transcript)
17
Put in your notes above or below your
picture Long Wavelength
Short Wavelength Low Frequency
High Frequency Low Energy

High Energy
18

• Radio Yes, this is the same kind of energy that
  radio stations emit into the air for your boom
  box to capture and turn into your favorite
  Mozart, Madonna, or Justin Timberlake tunes. But
  radio waves are also emitted by other things ...
  such as stars and gases in space. You may not be
  able to dance to what these objects emit, but you
  can use it to learn what they are made of.
• Microwaves They will cook your popcorn in just a
  few minutes! Microwaves in space are used by
  astronomers to learn about the structure of
  nearby galaxies, and our own Milky Way!
• Infrared Our skin emits infrared light, which is
  why we can be seen in the dark by someone using
  night vision goggles. In space, IR light maps the
  dust between stars.
• Visible Yes, this is the part that our eyes see.
  Visible radiation is emitted by everything from
  fireflies to light bulbs to stars ... also by
  fast-moving particles hitting other particles.
• Ultraviolet We know that the Sun is a source of
  ultraviolet (or UV) radiation, because it is the
  UV rays that cause our skin to burn! Stars and
  other "hot" objects in space emit UV radiation.
• X-rays Your doctor uses them to look at your
  bones and your dentist to look at your teeth. Hot
  gases in the Universe also emit X-rays .
• Gamma-rays Radioactive materials (some natural
  and others made by man in things like nuclear
  power plants) can emit gamma-rays. Big particle
  accelerators that scientists use to help them
  understand what matter is made of can sometimes
  generate gamma-rays. But the biggest gamma-ray
  generator of all is the Universe! It makes gamma
  radiation in all kinds of ways.

19
(No Transcript)
20
Radio Waves

• All around us
• Long wavelengths and low frequencies.
• Radio, TV, cellular phones, cordless phones, etc.

21
Microwaves

• Radio waves with the highest frequency and
  energy.
• Communications and microwave ovens!

22
Infrared Radiation

• Slightly lower frequency than visible light.
• Felt as heat
• Infrared lamps keep your french fries warm!
• Used in Remote Controls

23
IR does not penetrate walls and so does not
interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms.
Infrared is the most common way for remote
controls to command appliances.
24
Visible Radiation

• Or light, is the only part of the electromagnetic
  spectrum you can see!
• Each different wavelength of light has a
  different color!!

25
(No Transcript)
26
Ultraviolet Radiation

• Higher frequency than visible light.
• Greater penetrating power!
• Helps skin cells produce vitamin D, which is
  needed for healthy bones and teeth!
• Sterilize surgical instruments
• Over exposure kills healthy cells!!!
• Sagging, dry skin, skin cancer!
• Sunblock and sunglasses!!!

27
X Rays

• X rays have a shorter wavelength and a higher
  frequency than ultraviolet radiation.
• Higher energy allows X rays to travel through
  some types of matter such as your skin and
  muscles.

28
Gamma Rays

• Have the highest frequency and are the most
  penetrating of electromagnetic waves!
• They are emitted from the nuclei of radioactive
  atoms.
• Earth receives some from space.
• Can be used to kill cancer cells.

29
Mount Moran in Jackson, Wyoming
30
Types of Reflection

• Reflected light is when light is not completely
  absorbed by an object.
• The type of surface affects the type of
  reflection.
• Regular/Specular reflection- smooth surface,
  forms a clear image. (flat mirror)
• Diffuse reflection- rough surface, forms a fuzzy
  image.

31
Ex) Mirror
Ex) Road
32
(No Transcript)
33
Refraction

• The bending of light

34
Rainbows
35
Light Reflection Refraction

• Reflection
• Refraction

Ex) Mirror
Ex) Road
White Light
ROYGBIV Colors of the Rainbow!
36
Diffraction

• Diffraction Bending and spreading of waves
  usually around an obstacle

37
(No Transcript)
38
Mirrors
Convex mirrors- a mirror with a surface that
curves outward Images appear smaller farther
away objects are closer than they appear
Concave mirrors- mirror with a surface curved
inward. Form either virtual images or real
images depending on the position of the object
39
What do cameras, telescopes, microscopes, and
movie projectors have in common?

• They all use lenses to create images!

40
Lens

• A transparent object (see through) that refracts
  (bends) light waves such that they converge or
  diverge to create an image
• Lenses are classified by shape
• There are 2 types
• Convex
• Concave

41
Concave Lens

• Lens is thinner in the middle than at the edges
• Does not produce a real image
• Produces a Virtual Image
• Smaller than objects
• Uses Telescopes, Microscopes, and Nearsighted
  Eyeglasses

42
Convex Lens

• Lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges
• Produces a real image
• Light Rays Refract Toward Each Other
• A real image is larger than the object
• Side Mirror on car Objects appear smaller than
  they actually are
• Uses Magnifying Lenses, Cameras, and Farsighted
  Eyeglasses

43
(No Transcript)
44
(No Transcript)
45
Near Sighted

• Can see near but not far because light is
  focused in front of the Retina
• Concave Lens (Curves Inward Thin in Middle)
• Light Diverges or Spreads out back towards the
  Retina

46
Far Sighted

• Can see far but not near because light is
  focused behind the Retina
• Convex Lens (Curves Outward Thick in Middle)
• Light Converges or Comes Together more in front
  of Retina

47
Convex vs. Concave

• Convex Mirror Curved Outward Like the Back of a
  Spoon!
• Concave Mirror Curved Inward Like the Inside of
  a Spoon!
• Convex Lenses Curve Outward, Thick in the
  Middle, used for Farsightedness!
• Concave Lenses Curve Inward, Thin in the
  Middle, used for Nearsightedness! (Near a
  Cave!)
• http//mail.colonial.net/hkaiter/electromagspectr
  um.html

48
Concave vs. Convex
Concave Mirror Concave Lens
Convex Mirror Convex Lens
49
(No Transcript)
50
(No Transcript)
51
(No Transcript)
52
(No Transcript)
53
(No Transcript)
54
(No Transcript)
55
(No Transcript)
56
(No Transcript)
57
(No Transcript)
58
(No Transcript)
59
EMS PASTA

• Title
• Names
• Use the pasta to show the different wavelengths
  of the EMS
• Label Radio, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible, Ultra
  Violet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays
• Include uses for each
• DRAW in your notes on p. 17!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  !!!!!!!!!!
• Study for Light QuizTomorrow!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  !!!!!!