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Foundation Systems

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Footings are generally made of concrete poured into place. Key Terms Keyway The part of a footing that locks the foundation walls into the footing. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Foundation Systems


1
Foundation Systems
2
What Does the Foundation System Do?
  • Support the load or weight of the house and
    transfer it to solid ground
  • Repel water that may accumulate in the ground so
    that the basement stays dry and healthy
  • Anchors the house solid to the ground

3
Major Components of a Foundation System
  • Strip (or Wall) Footing
  • Column Footing
  • Foundation wall
  • Column or Pier
  • Weeper or Drainage Pipe
  • Basement Floor

4
The Make up of a Foundation System
  • Step 1 - Excavation
  • A cut, cavity, trench, or depression made by
    removing earth. Excavations are dug to prepare
    the site for footings, foundations, and the
    installation of pipes for site drainage.

5
The Make up of a Foundation System
  • Step 2
  • Forms are constructed on the undisturbed soil at
    the bottom of the excavation. It might look like
    this

6
Key Terms
  • Form
  • Any framework designed to contain wet concrete.
    Forms can be made of steel, lumber, or a
    combination of lumber and plywood.
  • Footing
  • A base providing a larger bearing surface against
    the soil for load bearing parts of the structure.
    Footings are generally made of concrete poured
    into place.

7
Key Terms
  • Keyway
  • The part of a footing that locks the foundation
    walls into the footing. Usually a groove cut
    into the top of the footing.
  • Rebar
  • Reinforcing steel rods that are embedded into
    concrete to make it stronger. Rebar has a
    patterned surface that makes it bond to concrete.

8
The Make up of a Foundation System
  • Step 3
  • The foundation wall is constructed on top of the
    footings once they are fully cured. Foundation
    walls may be constructed out of concrete, block
    or even pressure treated wood

9
Key Terms
  • Foundation Wall
  • The wall that sits on the footing and transfers
    the load of the house from the mudsill down to
    the footings. Basically the foundation walls are
    the basement walls.
  • Anchor Bolt
  • A bolt, usually L shaped that is embedded into
    the foundation wall. It is used to securely
    fasten the sill plate to the foundation.

10
The Make up of a Foundation System
  • Step 4
  • The drainage system or weepers are installed.
    This consists of a large perforated pipe that
    runs around the outside of the perimeter of the
    house, beside the footing. It is buried in
    gravel and covered with a landscape fabric. The
    outside of the foundation wall is covered in a
    waterproofing membrane that is designed to direct
    any water down to the drainage pipe and safely
    away from the house.

11
Key Terms
  • Weepers
  • Perforated drainage pipe installed around the
    perimeter of the house, designed to capture any
    water accumulating near the foundation and drain
    it safely away, either to the municipal storm
    sewers or to a sump pump installed inside the
    house.
  • Waterproofing Membrane
  • Plastic membrane installed on the outside of the
    foundation, below the finished grade, or ground
    level. The membrane does not make a waterproof
    seal itself, it just acts as part of the
    waterproofing system by creating a path of least
    resistance for water to travel easily to the
    weeper pipe and therefore safely away from the
    house

12
The Make up of a Foundation System
  • Step 5
  • Backfill. Once the water proofing system is in
    place and after the floor has been framed,
    (depending on the foundation type) the excavation
    is backfilled. Any portion of the hole that was
    excavated, that is not now occupied by the
    foundation gets filled back in. Typically the
    same soil that was removed during excavation is
    used for backfill. The backfill is then graded
    to ensure that water is not allowed to accumulate
    near the house.

13
Key Term
  • Backfill
  • The process of filling the unused portion of the
    excavation around the house back in. It is
    important to ensure that proper grading is
    maintained when back filling.

14
The Make up of a Foundation System
  • Step 6
  • Pour the basement floor. Once the drains have
    been installed in the basement, the area up to
    the top of the footings is filled with gravel,
    and then a concrete floor is poured on top of
    that.
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