World History and Cultures

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Changes in Europe

• World History and Cultures

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Columbian Exchange
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Columbian Exchange

• In 1493, Christopher Columbus came back to Spain
  after his first cross Atlantic Trip with a number
  of plants, food as well as slaves he would make
  a return trip back to the New World a year later
  carrying back 1200 settlers, European foods,
  technology and animals as well as diseases.
  This exchange would eventually be called the
  Columbian Exchange

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Columbian Exchange

• On their trips back from America, Europeans
  brought a number of foods including tomatoes,
  pumpkins, peppers, corn, beans and potatoes.
• Corn, Potatoes, Beans, and Tomatoes would
  eventually contribute to population growth
  worldwide

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Important Food from the Americas
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Columbian Exchange

• Europeans carried a number of things to the new
  world such as wheat, and grapes as well as
  bananas and sugar from Africa and Asia.
• Europeans brought a number of animals that later
  became fixtures in the Americas Cattle, pigs,
  goats, chickens, donkeys and horses

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Commercial Revolution
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Commercial Revolution

• The opening of direct links with Asia, Africa and
  the Americas had a many consequences.

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Commercial Revolution

• One of the major consequences of this increased
  trade was the rise of inflation(the economic
  cycle that involves, a rapid rise in prices
  linked to sharp increase in the amount of money
  available) 2 Reasons for this Rise

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Commercial Revolution

• One reason was that with the Population growth,
  the demand for goods and services rose goods
  were scarce prices went up
• Another reason was that with New World Gold and
  Silver coming into Europe that materials turned
  into currency (Coins) which put more money into
  Circulation

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Commercial Revolution

• Another consequence of this increased trade was a
  rise in Capitalism (Economic system in which the
  means of production are privately owned and
  operated for profit).
• Entrepreneur (enterprising merchants) hired
  workers and paid for raw materials, transport and
  costs of production to launch new businesses

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Commercial Revolution

• Capitalists and Entrepreneurs made up a new
  business class that focused all of their efforts
  on making profits
• New capitalists discovered more ways of creating
  wealth including Joint Stock Companies the
  companies that were usually backed by the
  government allowed people to pool large amounts
  of capital needed for overseas ventures
• Capitalists also used many tactics to cut guilds
  out of profits so they could make more profits
  for themselves One of these methods were the
  Putting Out System

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Mercantilism
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Mercantilism

• Mercantilism was a policy in which a nation
  sought out to export more than it imported in
  order to build its supply of gold and silver
• It was also aimed at strengthening national
  economies
• Under Mercantilism, Colonies existed to benefit
  their parent country. This was followed in a
  number of ways

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Mercantilism

• Colonies were supposed to provide resources and
  raw materials not available in Europe and
  served as a market for its manufactured goods
• They could not set up their own industries to
  manufacture goods
• They were forbidden from buying from other
  countries
• Only ships from the parent country or the
  colonies could be used in the colonies

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Mercantilism

• Mercantilist urged governments to adopt policies
  to increase national wealth and revenues in their
  home countries. ----
• Minerals and timber resources were exploited
• New industries were backed
• A National currency was imposed
• Monopolies were sold to large producers
• Tariffs (Taxes on important goods) were imposed

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Impact on Ordinary People
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Impact on Ordinary People

• The Impact on the changes of Europe varied. ---
• Merchants who invested in the ventures got rich
• Nobles were hurt by the Rise in Inflation
  because their wealth was based on Land not on
  industry and ventures
• Peasants were not immediately impacted

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Impact on Ordinary People

• Cities were dominated by merchants, guilds, and
  lawyers Middle class citizens lived well
  while laborers would not greatly involved with
  the increase of wealth were hit the worst
  Poverty increased.

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Extra Credit Question Identify 3 reasons why
Christopher Columbus was so important to the Age
of Exploration

• Helped to prove that the world was round.
• Helped to pave the way for future conquistadors
  in the new world
• Created an exchange of materials that transformed
  the Europe and the Americas