Week 4

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Week 4

• Identifying Value Assumptions
• READ 142
• Spring 2011

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On the quarter sheet of paper, write your name on
the top right.

• Write ethos, pathos, or logos next to each
  description. Just write the number and the word,
  not the description.
• 1. Appeals based on emotions
• 2. Appeals based on logic
• 3. Appeals based on the authors credibility

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Todays Agenda

• Go over next weeks work.
• Go over next discussion board assignment.
• Introduce vocab from last few readings.
• Review last weeks reading.
• Discuss value assumptions.
• Introduce group project.

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Vocabulary

• You will vocabulary words on your midterm, which
  is in two weeks.
• Vocab words will be drawn from your reading and
  your lab activities.
• The words will be listed on our course website.

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Not All Men Are Sly Foxes
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Perpetuate

• The majority of other children's classics
  perpetuate the same negative stereotypes of
  fathers.
• to make a situation, attitude etc, especially a
  bad one, continue to exist for a long time
• What standards of beauty does the media
  perpetuate?

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colonialist

• Once in a great while, people complain about
  "Babar's" colonialist slant (little
  jungle-dweller finds happiness in the big city
  and brings civilization-and fine clothes-to his
  backward village).
• A colonialist attitude accepts the idea that a
  powerful country rules a weaker one, and
  establishes its own trade and society there.
• Which countries have a legacy of colonialism?

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meticulous

• They are meticulous in alternating between
  references to boys and girls.
• very careful about small details, and always
  making sure that everything is done correctly
• About what areas of your life are you meticulous?

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relegate

• Men, and their feelings about parenting, are
  relegated to a nine-page chapter just before the
  recipe section.
• to give someone or something a less important
  position than before
• What types of jobs were women relegated to in the
  fifties?

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Wont You Be My Friendster?
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insular

• As someone with a long-term, insular group of
  friends in her daily life, I have met people I
  would not have otherwise encountered.
• Isolated in thought or attitude
• What are examples of insular communities?

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voyeurs

• For all the friends I have whose knowledge and
  interests have grown, at least as many seem to
  spend half their waking hours refining their own
  pages and improving their skills as voyeurs as
  they visit other pages.
• someone who enjoys watching other people's
  private behavior or suffering
• Which tv shows have voyeuristic qualities?

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maintain

• The networks themselves have been targeted for
  allowing too much advertising and maintaining
  links to commercial interests.
• to make something continue in the same way or at
  the same standard as before
• How does a government maintain its political
  power?

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foster

• The networks foster connection and action within
  physical communities, too.
• to help a skill, feeling, idea etc develop over a
  period of time
• How would you foster someones love of art?

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Take out your course schedule and lets look
ahead.

• I will review the content of the midterm next
  week.
• Lab due 10 exercises on Jamestown
• Weekly assignment Assumptions exercise

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Lets sit in smaller groups.

• We are going to count off. You will be asked to
  share your answers to these questions.
• Groups 1 4 Logos questions
• Groups 2 5 Ethos questions
• Groups 3 6 Pathos questions

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How do these two ideas work together?

• PARTS OF AN ARGUMENT

• APPEALS

CLAIM
REASONS
EVIDENCE
WARRANT
REFUTATION
ETHOS
PATHOS
LOGOS
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More about claims
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On a piece of paper, write Claims at the top.

• Take notes on the next couple of slides.
• Importance of Defintion
• Qualifiers

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1. Importance of Definition

• When examining a claim, check to see if the
  writer has defined key terms.
• If the writer does not define key terms, that
  opens up the claim to misinterpretation or to
  multiple definitions.
• Example American students need to do more
  homework to be competitive with their global
  counterparts.

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What needs to defined in these statements?

• The Simpsons is a show that celebrates family
  values.
• Enhanced Interrogation Techniques are necessary
  for the protection of the American people.
• Our society does not treat the elderly with
  enough respect.

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2. Qualifiers

• A qualifier is a statement about how strong the
  claim is.
• The qualifier expresses the degree of confidence
  following from the support of the argument that
  the speaker attributes to his or her claim. 
• Arguments may thus range from strong assertions
  to generally quite floppy or often rather
  uncertain kinds of statement.

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Words the indicate qualifiers

• most, usually, always or sometimes
• "possible," "probably," "impossible,"
  "certainly," "presumably," "as far as the
  evidence goes," or "necessarily."

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Examples

• Drinking coffee is the most significant cause of
  stained teeth.
• (although perhaps not the only cause)
• People will probably enjoy the movie Avatar.
• High unemployment will most likely result in
  increased crime.

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In your groups, provide qualifiers for the
following claims. Entitle this section
Qualifiers Exercise under the notes you took.

• Childrens books need to portray fathers in a
  positive light.
• Facebook and similar sites expand ones social
  network.
• Animals are just like humans.

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Value Assumptions

• Take notes on the other side of your paper. Label
  it Value Assumptions.

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Lets look at this brief argument.
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Local law enforcement needs to do more to impose
consequences for littering. Obviously, people
are not taking enough initiative on their own to
follow the laws therefore, city police have to
do something. How can we expect change without
enforcement?
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What is the claim?What is the reason?
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What if you believe that it is the individuals
responsibility, not the collective
responsibility of the government, to
responsibility to curb littering?
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Idea taken for granted

• collective responsibility is more desirable than
  individual responsibility

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Assumptions are

• hidden or unstated (in most cases)
• taken for granted
• influential in determining the claim
• potentially deceptive
• an unstated belief that supports the reasoning

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We should not legalize recreational drugs. They
cause too much street violence.
Reason Illegal drugs cause violence and other
crimes.
Value Assumption Public safety is more important
than freedom of choice.
Claim Recreational drugs should not be legalized.
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Value Assumptions

• direct the reasoning from a screen
• influences the reason he provides

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Lets take a step back and discuss values.

• Values are ideas that someone thinks are
  worthwhile.
• They are abstract ideas that influence ones
  choices and behavior.
• They are standards of conduct that we endorse and
  expect people to meet.

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Example

• Subject Are you for or against capital
  punishment or death penalty?
• Your position relates to idea of the sanctity of
  human life.
• This valuethe sanctity of human liferelates
  closely to your opinions about war, abortion,
  mercy killings, etc.

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What are some commonly held values?

• autonomy
• order
• freedom of speech

• Take a few minutes and brainstorm at least 3 more
  with your group.

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Lets go from value to value assumptions.

• Writers and speakers will prefer some values over
  others.
• This preference is often unstated.
• However, this preference will greatly influence
  his or her claim and how it is defended.

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Should you tell your parents about your sisters
drug habit?
loyalty
honesty
vs.
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Should WikiLeaks post classified information?

• transparency

• security

vs.
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In your groups, identify the value assumption.
Reason When libraries ban books, they deny
readers important voices.
Value Assumption
Claim Libraries should not ban certain books.
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In your groups, identify the value assumption.
Reason Telling the truth could harm a
friendship.
Value Assumption
Claim Lying to spare someones feelings is
appropriate in certain situations.
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Turn to page 303 in your textbook and read
passage D. In your groups, identify the claim,
reasons, and value assumption.
Reasons
Value Assumption
Claim